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TY      : 

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.-rint   fro:a    Journal    of  tne   Arn-  rboretum 

Vol. 


THE  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 

C.  S.  SARGENT 


• 

• 


Reprinted  without  change  of  paging  from 

JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM,  VOL.  III. 

1922 


FORESTRY 
LIBRARY 


A arric.- Forestry.   Main  Library 


CONTENTS 

THE  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM. 
BY  C.  S.  Sargent 


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JOURNAL         ,  * 

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OF  THE 

ARNOLD  ARBORJETUM 


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* 


VOLUME  III  JANUARY,  1923  NUMBER  3 

THE  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 

C.  S.  SARGENT 

By  his  will  signed  on  the  22d  of  May,  1868,  James  Arnold,  a  merchant 
of  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  gave  one  and  one-quarter  of  the  twenty- 
four  parts  into  which  he  divided  his  residuary  estate  "To  George  B. 
Emerson,  John  James  Dixwell  and  Francis  E.  Parker  Esqrs.  of  Boston 
in  trust:  to  be  by  them  applied  for  the  promotion  of  Agricultural,  or 
Horticultural  improvements,  or  other  Philosophical,  or  Philanthropic 
purposes  at  their  discretion,  and  to  provide  for  the  continuance  of  this 
Trust  hereafter  to  such  persons,  and  on  such  conditions  as  they,  or  a 
majority  of  them,  may  deem  proper,  to  carry  out  the  intention  of  the 
donor." 

The  senior  of  these  Trustees,  Mr.  George  B.  Emerson,  a  distinguished 
Boston  schoolmaster,  had  long  been  interested  in  Natural  History,  espe- 
cially in  trees,  and  had  prepared  for  the  Commonwealth  a  report  on  "  The 
Trees  and  Shrubs  growing  naturally  in  the  Forests  of  Massachusetts  "  pub- 
lished in  1846  and  an  authoritative  work  on  the  subject  still  consulted  by 
students  of  trees.  Mr.  Dixwell,  the  second  of  these  Trustees,  a  successful 
Boston  business  man,  was  also  a  lover  and  student  of  trees,  and  had 
assembled  on  his  place  in  Jamaica  Plain  one  of  the  largest  and  best  collec- 
tions of  native  and  foreign  trees  which  was  growing  at  this  time  in  New 
England.  Mr.  Francis  E.  Parker,  a  Boston  lawyer,  was  also  one  of  the 
Trustees  under  Mr.  Arnold's  will.  Two  therefore  of  the  three  men 
appointed  by  Mr.  Arnold  to  administer  his  bequest  for  the  improvement 
of  Agriculture  or  Horticulture  were  interested  in  trees  and  understood  the 
importance  to  the  world  of  more  knowledge  in  regard  to  them  than  could 
at  that  time  be  obtained  in  this  country;  and  it  was  natural  that  the  idea 
of  a  scientific  station  for  the  study  and  cultivation  of  trees  should  have 
occurred  to  them.  They  fortunately  realized  that  such  an  institution 
could  be  permanently  and  safely  controlled  by  Harvard  College. 

Mr.  Arnold  died  December  3d,  1869;  and  on  March  29,  1872,  the  Trus- 
tees under  his  will  and  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College  signed 
an  indenture  which  contained  the  following  provisions : 

"  That,  Whereas,  the  said  James  Arnold,  by  his  last  will,  devised  and 


^85940 


•'*28  .*  V  '::..:.  -JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

bequeathed  to  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  one  and  a  quarter  twenty- 
fourth  parts  of  the  residue  of  his  estate  'in  trust,  to  be  by  them  applied 
for  the  promotion  of  agricultural  or  horticultural  improvements,  or  other 
philosophical  or  philanthropic  purposes  at  their  discretion,  and  to  provide 
for  the  continuance  of  this  trust  hereafter  to  such  persons,  and  on  such 
conditions  as  they  or  a  majority  of  them  may  deem  proper  to  carry  out 
the  intention  of  the  donor ' ;  and 

"  Whereas,  Benjamin  Bussey,  late  of  Roxbury,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk, 
merchant,  deceased,  by  his  last  will  and  testament  devised  to  the  said  party 
of  the  second  part  an  estate  in  remainder  subject  to  certain  life  estates 
in  the  estate  on  which  he  had  lived  in  said  Roxbury,  called  'Woodland 
Hill,'  consisting  of  over  two  hundred  acres  of  land,  in  trust  and  confidence 
that  they  would  "establish  there  a  course  of  instruction  in  practical  agri- 
culture, in  useful  and  ornamental  gardening,  in  botany,  and  in  such  branches 
of  natural  science  as  may  tend  to  promote  a  knowledge  of  practical  agri- 
culture and  the  various  arts  subservient  thereto  and  connected  therewith, 
and  cause  such  courses  of  lectures  to  be  delivered  there,  at  such  seasons 
of  the  year  and  under  such  regulations  as  they  may  think  best  adapted  to 
promote  the  ends  designed, —  the  institution  so  established  to  be  called 
the  'Bussey  Institution' ;  and 

"  Whereas,  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  have  agreed  and  determined, 
in  the  exercise  of  the  discretion  given  them  under  the  will  of  the  said  James 
Arnold,  that  the  disposition  of  the  property  devised  and  bequeathed  to 
them  as  aforesaid,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  and  upon  the  con- 
ditions hereinafter  set  forth,  is  and  will  be  the  most  suitable  and  proper 
execution  of  their  trust,  and  will  most  effectually  provide  for  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  trust  for  the  future,  to  carry  out  the  intention  of  the  donor, 

"Now,  Therefore,  it  is  agreed,  bargained,  and  covenanted  by  and 
between  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  and  the  said  party  of  the  second 
part,  as  follows: — 

"  First.  The  said  Emerson,  Dixwell,  and  Parker,  trustees,  party  of  the 
first  part,  in  consideration  of  the  covenants,  agreements,  and  undertakings 
of  the  said  President  and  Fellows  hereinafter  set  forth,  do  hereby  give, 
grant,  bargain,  sell,  convey,  assign,  and  transfer  to  the  said  President  and 
Fellows  of  Harvard  College,  party  of  the  second  part,  and  their  assigns 
forever,  the  whole  property  and  estate  devised  and  bequeathed  to  them, 
the  party  of  the  first  part,  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  will  of  the  said 
James  Arnold,  which  has  been  already  received  or  shall  be  hereafter  received 
by  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  (excepting  and  reserving  therefrom  a 
sum  sufficient  to  pay  the  actual  expenses  incurred  by  said  party  of  the  first 
part),  a  schedule  of  which,  so  far  as  received,  is  hereto  annexed, — 

"  To  Have  and  to  Hold  the  same  to  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and 
their  assigns  forever,  in  trust,  with  full  power  of  sale  and  reinvestment, 
upon  the  trusts  following,  namely, 

"  That  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  shall  hold  the  same  as  a  separate 


1022]     SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       129 

and  distinct  fund,  and  shall  allow  the  whole  net  income  thereof  (after 
deducting  the  necessary  expenses  of  managing  the  same,  and  also  deduct- 
ing, if  they  see  fit,  one  third  part  of  such  net  income  in  each  year  as  is 
hereinafter  provided)  to  accumulate  and  add  the  same  to  the  principal, 
until  the  said  fund  shall  amount,  at  a  just  valuation,  to  one  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  until  the  land  at  West  Roxbury  hereinafter 
described  shall  come  into  the  possession  of  the  said  party  of  the  second 
part  as  an  estate  in  possession,  free  of  all  life  tenancies  or  other  encum- 
brances. 

"  Second.  When  both  said  events  shall  have  happened,  that  the  said 
party  of  the  second  part  shall  accumulate  five  per  centum  of  the  said  net 
income,  in  every  year,  and  add  the  same  to  the  capital,  as  a  part  of  the 
said  permanent  and  separate  trust  fund. 

"  Third.  That  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  shall  devote  the 
remainder  of  the  said  net  income  in  every  year  to  the  establishment  and 
support  of  an  Arboretum,  to  be  called  the 

Arnold  Arboretum, 

which  shall  contain,  as  far  as  is  practicable,  all  the  trees,  shrubs,  and 
herbaceous  plants,  either  indigenous  or  exotic,  which  can  be  raised  in  the 
open  air  at  the  said  West  Roxbury,  all  which  shall  be  raised  or  collected 
as  fast  as  is  practicable,  and  each  specimen  thereof  shall  be  distinctly 
labelled,  and  to  the  support  of  a  professor,  to  be  called  the  Arnold  Pro- 
fessor, who  shall  have  the  care  and  management  of  the  said  Arboretum, 
subject  to  the  same  control  by  the  said  President  and  Fellows  to  which 
the  professors  in  the  Bussey  Institution  are  now  subject,  and  who  shall 
teach  the  knowledge  of  trees  in  the  University  which  is  in  the  charge  of 
the  said  President  and  Fellows,  and  shall  give  such  other  instruction  therein 
as  may  be  naturally,  directly,  and  usefully  connected  therewith.  And  as 
the  entire  fund,  increased  by  the  accumulations  above  named,  under  the 
best  management  and  with  the  greatest  economy,  is  barely  sufficient  to 
accomplish  the  proposed  object,  it  is  expressly  provided  that  it  shall  not 
be  diminished  by  supplementing  any  other  object,  however  meritorious 
or  kindred  in  its  nature. 

But  the  said  President  and  Fellows  shall  be  allowed  to  obtain  from  said 
Arboretum,  free  of  cost,  any  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants,  which, 
in  the  judgment  of  the  Arnold  Professor,  can  be  spared  from  said  Arbore- 
tum without  injury  thereto,  the  same  to  be  used  for  the  ornament  of  the 
College  grounds,  at  Cambridge  or  elsewhere. 

Fourth.  Until  the  happening  of  both  of  the  events  named  in  the  first 
clause,  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  may  expend  one  third  part  of 
said  net  income  in  every  year,  and  no  more,  in  such  preparation  of  the  land 
hereinafter  named,  and  in  such  collecting  or  raising  of  specimens,  and  the 
necessary  superintendence  thereof,  as  will  promote  the  general  and  ulti- 
mate purpose  above  stated,  but  in  no  other  way." 


130  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

By  this  indenture  Harvard  College  received  as  an  Endowment  for  the 
proposed  Arboretum  $103,847.57  and  agreed  to  use  for  it  about  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  acres  of  its  Bussey  estate.  The  land  devoted  at 
this  time  to  the  Arboretum  had  a  frontage  on  Centre  Street  from  the  posi- 
tion of  the  present  Centre  Street  entrance  for  about  half  the  distance  to 
the  corner  of  Walter  Street,  on  South  Street  from  a  point  a  short  distance 
east  of  the  present  South  Street  entrance  to  the  corner  of  Bussey  Street, 
and  for  about  three-quarters  the  length  of  the  last  named  street.  The 
northern  boundary  crossed  the  north  meadow  about  where  the  group  of 
Phellodendrons  now  stands  on  the  right  hand  side  of  the  Meadow  Road, 
and  was  often  covered  with  water  from  the  brook  from  Centre  Street 
which  discharged  its  water  on  the  undrained  surface  of  the  meadow. 
The  low  land  near  the  junction  of  the  Meadow,  Forest  Hills  and  Bussey 
Hill  Roads,  now  partly  occupied  by  the  three  small  ponds,  was  an  undrained 
swamp.  Hemlock  Hill  was  then  perhaps  more  beautiful  than  it  is  now  for 
since  that  time  several  old  White  Pine-trees  which  were  then  in  their  prime 
and  rose  high  above  the  Hemlocks  have  died.  The  valley  of  Bussey  Brook 
at  the  northern  base  of  Hemlock  Hill  was  then  covered  by  an  almost  im- 
penetrable thicket  of  Alders,  and  the  western  boundary  of  the  proposed 
Arboretum  crossed  the  brook  a  little  west  of  the  present  grove  of  Red 
Pines.  There  was  no  access  to  these  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres 
except  by  a  steep  cart  track  from  the  entrance  to  the  Bussey  Mansion 
across  land  controlled  by  the  Bussey  Institution. 

I  was  appointed  Director  of  the  new  Arboretum  by  the  President  and 
Fellows  of  the  College  on  November  24,  1873.  The  prospect  of  being  able 
to  establish  a  useful  institution  would  not  have  been  encouraging  if  the 
men  interested  in  it  had  had  at  that  time  as  much  knowledge  as  hope  and 
enthusiasm.  For  it  is  safe  to  say  that  not  one  of  them  had  an  idea  of  what 
an  Arboretum  might  be,  or  what  it  was  going  to  cost  in  time  and  money 
to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  indenture  between  the  Trustees  under 
Mr.  Arnold's  will  and  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College; 
and  certainly  not  one  of  them  was  more  ignorant  of  the  subject  than  the 
man  selected  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  agreement.  He  found 
himself  with  a  worn-  out  farm,  partly  covered  with  natural  plantations  of 
native  trees  nearly  ruined  by  excessive  pasturage,  to  be  developed  into  a 
scientific  garden  with  less  than  three  thousand  dollars  a  year  available 
for  the  purpose.  He  was  without  equipment  or  the  support  and  encour- 
agement of  the  general  public  which  then  knew  nothing  about  an  Arbore- 
tum and  what  it  was  expected  to  accomplish.  The  work  of  forming  a 
nursery,  however,  was  begun  at  once,  greenhouses  of  the  Bussey  Institution 
being  available  for  the  propagation  of  the  few  plants  which  could  at  that 
time  be  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  Boston. 

In  1873  Mr.  Frederick  Law  Olmsted  was  engaged  in  planning  and  con- 
structing a  park  system  for  the  City  of  Boston  and  suggested  that  that 
part  of  the  Bussey  farm  which  was  to  be  devoted  to  the  Arboretum  might 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       131 

be  used  with  certain  restrictions  as  one  of  the  Boston  parks.  The  sugges- 
tion met  with  little  favor  and  was  opposed  by  the  governing  Board  of 
the  College  and  by  the  Park  Commissioners  of  Boston.  The  press  was 
indifferent,  and  its  only  enthusiastic  supporters  were  Mr.  Olmsted  and 
the  Director  of  the  Arboretum,  and  several  years  of  hard  semipolitical 
work  were  needed  to  make  possible  Mr.  Olmsted's  plan.  On  December  30, 
1882,  however,  the  consent  of  the  Legislature  to  it  having  been  obtained, 
the  following  agreement  between  the  City  of  Boston  through  its  Park 
Commission  and  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College  was  signed : 
"  Whereas  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners  of  the  City  of  Boston  by 
virtue  of  the  authority  conferred  upon  said  Board  by  chapter  one  hundred 
and  eighty-five  of  the  Acts  of  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  of  the  year 
1875  and  by  the  City  Council  of  said  City  of  Boston,  by  a  certain  written 
instrument  of  even  date  herewith  to  be  recorded  with  the  Suffolk  Registry 
of  Deeds  have  taken  and  located  as  and  for  a  public  park  that  tract  of 
land  in  that  part  of  said  City  known  as  West  Roxbury  held  by  the  College 
and  by  it  dedicated  to  the  use  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  so  called,  together 
with  certain  adjoining  tracts,  the  property  of  other  persons  deemed  by  said 
Commissioners  convenient  and  necessary  for  use  in  connection  therewith 
for  the  purposes  and  under  the  powers  and  limitations  set  forth  in  said 
act  and  acts  in  addition  thereto  and  amendment  thereof  —  And  whereas 
by  an  act  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  passed  on  the  twenty- 
ninth  day  of  March  in  the  year  1880  it  was  enacted  that  in  case  the  said 
Board  of  Park  Commissioners  deemed  it  desirable  so  to  take  the  said 
lands  for  the  said  purposes  the  City  was  thereby  authorized  to  lease  such 
portion  of  the  said  Arboretum  and  adjoining  tracts  so  taken  as  the  said 
Board  of  Commissioners  might  deem  not  necessary  for  use  as  parkways 
and  grounds  to  the  College  to  be  held  to  the  same  uses  and  purposes  as  the 
said  Arboretum  was  then  held  under  the  trusts  created  by  the  wills  of 
Benjamin  Bussey  and  of  James  Arnold  and  for  such  a  term  and  upon  such 
mutual  restrictions,  reservations,  covenants  and  conditions  as  to  the  use 
thereof  by  the  public  in  connection  with  the  uses  of  the  same  under  the  said 
trusts,  and  as  to  the  rights,  duties  and  obligations  of  the  contracting  parties 
as  might  be  agreed  upon  between  the  said  Commissioners  and  the  College. 
And  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  City  and  the 
President  on  behalf  of  the  College  were  respectively  authorized  to  execute 
and  deliver  the  said  lease.  And  whereas  the  said  Board  of  Park  Commis- 
sioners deems  such  portion  of  the  said  Arboretum  and  adjoining  tracts 
as  is  hereinafter  described  and  leased  to  be  not  necessary  for  use  as  park- 
ways and  grounds  and  considers  that  the  same  will  be  better  and  more 
advantageously  enjoyed  and  used  by  the  public  as  a  part  of  the  said  park 
if  the  same  be  leased  to  the  College  for  the  purposes  of  the  said  trusts  and 
upon  such  terms  and  subject  to  such  provisions  with  regard  to  the  use 
thereof  by  the  public  as  are  hereinafter  contained.  And  it  has  been 
agreed  between  the  said  Commissioners  and  the  College  that  the  same  be 


132  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

leased  to  the  College  for  the  term  and  upon  the  mutual  restrictions,  reserva- 
tions, covenants  and  conditions  hereinafter  expressed. 

"  Now  this  Indenture  witnesseth  that  the  City  by  virtue  and  in  exercise 
of  the  power  and  authority  given  to  it  by  the  said  Act  and  of  every  other 
power  and  authority  it  hereto  enabling  doth  demise  and  lease  unto  the 
College  all  that  parcel  of  land  delineated  on  a  plan  entitled  'The  Arnold 
Arboretum'  and  to  be  recorded  herewith  in  the  Suffolk  Registry  of  Deeds 
situate  in  that  part  of  Boston  known  as  West  Roxbury  and  bounded  and 

described  as  follows: — 
*************          * 

"  Excepting  and  always  reserving  out  of  these  presents  all  those  parts  of 
the  said  lands  delineated  and  marked  on  the  said  plan  as  driveways  and 
parkways  and  those  parts  of  the  same  lands  delineated  and  marked  A  and  B 
respectively  on  the  said  plan.  And  granting  with  the  premises  hereby 
leased  a  free  and  unobstructed  right  of  way  upon  and  over  all  the  said 
excepted  parts  of  the  said  lands  and  upon  and  over  the  driveways  and 
parkways  delineated  on  the  said  plan  and  so  marked  thereon. 

"To  have  and  to  hold  the  premises  hereby  leased  (hereinafter  called 
the  Arnold  Arboretum)  unto  the  College  and  its  successors  and  assigns 
for  the  term  of  One  thousand  years  from  the  date  hereof  without  impeach- 
ment of  waste  upon  and  for  the  same  trusts,  uses  and  purposes  as  those 
upon  and  for  which  the  said  land  held  by  the  College  for  the  purposes  of 
the  said  Arboretum  at  the  said  time  of  the  passing  of  the  said  Act  of  the 
year  1880  was  then  held  under  the  will  of  Benjamin  Bussey  and  the  will 
of  James  Arnold  and  a  certain  indenture  dated  the  29th  day  of  March  in 
the  year  1872  and  made  between  George  B.  Emerson,  John  J.  Dixwell 
and  Francis  E.  Parker  as  Trustees  of  the  will  of  the  said  James  Arnold  of 
the  one  part  and  the  College  of  the  other  part  in  which  indenture  the  trusts 
provided  for  in  the  said  will  of  James  Arnold  are  declared  in  pursuance 
of  the  directions  in  the  said  will  contained.  Yielding  and  paying  therefor 
during  the  said  term  the  yearly  rent  of  one  dollar  —  And  the  City  cove- 
nants with  the  College  and  its  successors  and  assigns  that  the  College  and 
its  successors  and  assigns  shall  peaceably  hold  and  enjoy  the  premises 
hereby  leased  during  the  said  term  without  any  interference  or  control  of 
the  City  or  any  person  claiming  through  or  under  it.  That  the  City  will  at 
all  times  save  and  keep  harmless  and  indemnified  the  College  and  its  suc- 
cessors and  assigns  and  keep  the  premises  hereby  leased  free  and  discharged 
of  and  from  all  taxes  and  assessments  of  every  description  which  during 
the  said  term  may  be  assessed  or  payable  in  respect  of  or  charged  upon  the 
premises  hereby  leased  or  any  part  thereof.  That  the  City  will  within  a 
reasonable  time  make  and  finish  fit  for  use  of  good  sound  materials  and 
in  a  proper  and  workmanlike  manner  the  driveways  of  which  the  sites 
and  dimensions  are  delineated  on  the  said  plan  and  so  marked  thereon 
but  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  seventy-five  thousand  dollars,  and  that  the 
said  driveways  during  the  said  term  shall  be  repaired  and  maintained  in  a 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       133 

proper  and  substantial  manner  free  of  all  charge  and  expense  to  the  College 
and  its  successors  and  assigns.  That  the  City  will  during  the  said  term 
provide  and  maintain  a  proper  and  sufficient  police  in  and  about  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  and  the  said  parts  excepted  from  these  presents  and 
the  said  roads,  avenues,  and  parkways  for  the  preservation  of  order  and 
good  conduct  and  the  observance  of  the  rules  hereinafter  mentioned  or 
provided  for.  That  no  public  street  or  highway  and  no  steam  or  horse 
railway  or  construction  for  like  purposes  shall  be  laid  out  through  or  over 
any  part  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  except  in  such  places,  if  any,  and  in 
such  manner  as  the  Park  Commissioners  and  the  College  shall  approve. 
That  if  the  water  supply  from  the  sources  within  the  Arnold  Arboretum 
which  the  College  has  heretofore  enjoyed  for  use  in  the  said  Arboretum 
shall  at  any  time  be  cut  off,  interrupted  or  impaired  by  the  City  or  its 
assigns  the  City  will  immediately  provide  at  its  own  charge  and  expense 
an  equal  or  superior  supply  of  water  for  the  like  use.  And  that  if  the 
College,  its  successors  or  assigns  shall  be  desirous  of  taking  a  renewed 
lease  of  the  said  premises  for  the  further  term  of  One  thousand  years  from 
the  expiration  of  the  term  hereby  granted  the  City  or  its  assigns  will  upon 
the  request  and  at  the  expense  of  the  College,  its  successors  or  assigns  and 
upon  its  or  their  executing  and  delivering  to  the  City  or  its  assigns  a 
counterpart  thereof  forthwith  execute  and  deliver  to  the  College,  its  suc- 
cessors or  assigns  a  renewed  lease  of  the  said  premises  for  the  further  term 
of  One  thousand  years  at  the  same  yearly  rent  and  upon  and  subject  to 
the  same  restrictions,  reservations,  covenants,  and  conditions  as  are  here- 
in contained  including  this  present  covenant  and  so  on  from  time  to  time 
forever.  And  the  College  for  itself  and  its  successors  and  assigns  cove- 
nants with  the  City  that  the  College  will  not  commence  or  prosecute  any 
action,  suit  or  other  proceeding  against  the  City  for  the  enforcement  or 
recovery  of  any  damages  or  claim  which  the  College  may  have  or  be 
entitled  to  against  the  City  by  reason  of  the  said  taking  of  the  said 
Arboretum  land  by  the  City.  And  that  the  Arnold  Arboretum  shall  at 
all  reasonable  times  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  the  public  as  a  part  of 
the  said  Park  subject  to  the  rules  hereinafter  mentioned  or  provided  for. 
Provided,  Always,  and  it  is  hereby  declared  that  the  City  shall  be  at  liberty 
to  erect  and  maintain  suitable  gateways  for  entrance  thereto  upon  any  of 
the  said  excepted  parts  and  to  maintain  gates  there.  And  that  no  pavil- 
ion, kiosk,  urinal,  museum,  greenhouse,  stable,  shed,  or  other  building 
(except  as  above  provided)  shall  be  erected  or  maintained  within  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  or  in  any  of  the  said  excepted  parts  or  in  any  of  the 
said  driveways  or  parkways  without  the  prior  consent  of  the  Park  Com- 
missioners and  the  College.  Provided,  also,  and  it  is  hereby  declared  and 
agreed  that  the  use  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  and  of  the  said  excepted 
parts  and  of  the  said  roads,  avenues  and  parkways  by  the  City  and  its 
assigns  and  the  College,  its  successors  and  assigns  and  the  public  shall 
be  subject  to  the  rules  contained  in  the  schedule  hereto  annexed  and  to 


134  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  m 

such  additional  rules  as  have  been  or  may  from  time  to  time  be  agreed 
upon  between  the  Park  Commissioners  and  the  College.  But  any  of  the 
said  rules  may  be  altered  or  annulled  by  agreement  between  the  Park 


^^Cjpmmissioners  and  the  College." 


By  this  agreement  the  location  of  the  Arboretum  was  practically  fixed 
for  at  least  one  thousand  years,  for  although  the  College  may  in  the 
future  wish  to  move  it  to  less  valuable  land  it  is  not  possible  to  conceive 
that  the  City  of  Boston  will  ever  consent  to  abandon  the  benefit  it  derives 
from  the  use  of  the  Arboretum  as  a  public  park.  By  this  agreement  the 
Arboretum  is  relieved  of  the  danger  of  taxation  during  the  period  of  the 
lease  and  obtains  without  expense  the  protection  of  the  Boston  police. 
In  return  for  these  benefits  the  public  is  admitted  to  the  free  enjoyment 
of  a  public  garden  maintained  with  the  exception  of  the  roads  by  the  Uni- 
versity. By  this  arrangement  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  north  meadow 
with  the  land  on  which  the  Administration  Building  now  stands  and  the 
hill  behind  it  was  added  to  the  original  area  of  the  Arboretum,  which  also 
gained  an  entrance  from  Walter  Street  and  that  part  of  the  valley  of  the 
Bussey  Brook  between  Walter  Street  and  the  western  boundary  of  the 
Bussey  Farm.  In  return  the  Arboretum  gave  up  to  the  City  the  land  now 
occupied  by  the  Arborway  between  the  old  northern  boundary  of  the 
north  meadow  and  the  Forest  Hills  entrance  and  the  wooded  slope  east  of 
the  Arborway. 

A  few  trees  along  the  boundaries  had  been  planted  before  1882,  but 
the  City  was  slow  in  building  the  roads  with  their  adjoining  gravel  paths, 
and  it  was  not  possible  to  begin  planting  trees  in  systematic  arrangement 
until  1885,  that  is  at  the  end  of  thirteen  years  devoted  to  preliminary 
negotiations  and  the  perfection  of  plans. 

It  was  soon  found  that  the  area  which  in  1882  was  devoted  to  the 
Arboretum  was  inadequate  for  the  purpose,  and  that  if  even  a  small 
part  of  the  trees  and  shrubs  which  the  College  had  arranged  with  Mr. 
Arnold's  Trustees  was  to  be  found  in  it  more  land  was  needed  for  the 
purpose.  Two  estates  on  Centre  Street  with  an  area  of  about  eight  acres 
between  the  original  western  boundary  of  the  Bussey  Farm  at  this  point 
and  Walter  Street  were  bought  by  the  City  for  the  Arboretum  and  the 
buildings  were  removed  from  them.  In  1894  the  President  and  Fellows 
of  the  College  transferred  their  property  west  of  Bussey  Street,  with  an 
area  of  seventy-five  acres  and  known  as  Peter's  Hill,  to  the  Arboretum. 
The  arrangement  made  in  1882  with  the  City  of  Boston  for  the  ownership 
and  control  of  the  original  Arboretum  was  extended  to  the  Peter's  Hill 
addition.  In  1904  a  few  friends  of  the  Arboretum  bought  for  it  a  house 
and  about  four  thousand  feet  of  land  on  Centre  Street  between  Piince 
and  Orchard  Streets,  Jamaica  Plain,  near  the  entrance  of  that  name. 
The  house  is  used  as  the  home  for  the  superintendent,  and  the  grounds 
attached  to  it  as  a  nursery.  For  many  years  the  propagation  of  plants 
for  the  Arboretum  had  been  carried  on  on  a  small  piece  of  ground  near 


1922]   SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM        135 

the  Centre  Street  entrance,  leased  from  the  Trustees  of  the  Adams  Nervine 
Asylum  for  the  purpose,  and  to  take  the  place  of  these  inadequate  accom- 
modations a  modern  greenhouse  with  cold  pits  and  frames  was  built  in 
1917  on  the  Centre  Street  land  for  a  new  propagating  plant.  In  1919  the 
land  of  the  Bussey  Institution  between  South  Street  and  the  location  of 
the  Dedham  Branch  of  the  N.  Y.  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.with  an  area  of  sixteen 
acres  was  bought  for  it  by  friends  of  the  Arboretum  from  the  College; 
and  in  1922  the  hill  surrounded  by  property  belonging  to  the  Park  Depart- 
ment of  Boston,  and  by  Centre  and  Walter  Streets  and  an  unnamed  road 
connecting  these  streets,  with  an  area  of  fourteen  acres,  has  also  been 
bought  by  friends  of  the  Arboretum  and  presented  to  it.  The  persent 
area  of  the  Arboretum  is  now  therefore  approximately  two  hundred  and 
fifty  acres. 

NATURAL  FEATURES 

Meadows,  hills  and  valleys  are  found  within  the  boundaries  of  the 
Arboretum.  The  ground  rises  gradually  from  the  great  meadow  at  it* 
north  end  to  the  summit  of  Bussey  Hill  from  which  views  of  the  Blue  Hills* 
to  the  south  and  of  Cambridge  and  Boston  are  obtained.  From  the  top 
of  Bussey  Hill  the  ground  drops  abruptly  to  South  Street  on  the  south  and 
to  the  west  and  southwest  to  the  valley  which  extends  from  Centre  to 
South  Streets,  and  which  at  the  northern  base  of  the  second  of  the  Arbore- 
tum hills,  Hemlock  Hill,  is  joined  nearly  at  right  angles  by  the  valley 
through  which  Bussey  Brook  flows  from  the  northwest  and  enters  the 
Arboretum  under  Walter  Street.  Through  the  valley  which  separates 
the  western  base  of  Hemlock  Hill  from  the  third  and  highest  of  the  Arbo- 
retum hills,  Peter's  Hill,  Bussey  Street,  a  highway  open  to  traffic,  extends 
from  Walter  Street  at  a  point  near  the  Walter  Street  entrance  to  the 
Arboretum  to  South  Street,  and  separates  Peter's  Hill  from  the  rest  of  the 
Arboretum.  The  land  acquired  in  1919  between  South  Street  and  the 
railroad  drops  abruptly  at  its  eastern  end  from  the  southern  base  of 
Bussey  Hill  to  a  broad  low  peat  meadow  through  which  a  new  channel 
for  the  Bussey  Brook  has  been  made;  west  of  this  low  meadow  only  a 
narrow  strip  of  higher  land  separates  South  Street  from  the  railroad.  A 
hill  sloping  to  the  north  and  east  on  Centre  Street  and  separated  by  a 
low  depression  from  the  base  of  a  slope  descending  from  Walter  Street 
and  facing  the  north  is  the  feature  of  the  latest  addition  to  the  Arbore- 
tum area. 

The  great  natural  feature  of  the  Arboretum  is  Hemlock  Hill  with 
its  high  steep  cliffs  rising  on  the  north  from  the  Bussey  Brook  and 
covered  so  thickly  with  Hemlock  trees  that  the  rays  of  the  sun  rarely 
penetrate  to  the  ground  between  them.  In  no  other  public  garden  are 
there  such  cliffs  or  a  more  beautiful  remnant  of  a  coniferous  forest.  Oaks 
and  other  native  deciduous  leaved  trees  from  one  hundred  to  perhaps  two 
hundred  years  old  still  cover  small  areas  on  each  side  of  the  Meadow  Road, 


186  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

on  Centre  Street,  and  on  Bussey  Street  at  the  eastern  base  of  Peter's  Hill, 
and  are  valuable  in  showing  several  important  New  England  trees  in  their 
adult  state. 

ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  LIVING  PLANTS 

The  trees  which  have  been  planted  are  arranged  in  botanical  sequence 
in  family  groups,  the  genera  of  each  family  and  the  species  of  each  genus 
being  placed  together,  the  arrangement  beginning  with  the  Magnolia 
Family  at  the  Jamaica  Plain  Gate  and  ending  with  the  Pinaceae  at  the 
Walter  Street  Gate. 

That  they  may  show  their  habit  under  different  conditions  several 
individuals  of  important  North  American  species  have  been  planted  close 
together  in  groups,  and  at  a  distance  from  the  group  an  individual  of 
the  species  is  planted  with  sufficient  space  about  it  to  insure  a  full  develop- 
ment of  branches.  A  representative  of  almost  every  genus  stands  near  a 
drive  so  that  visitors  passing  along  the  Arboretum  roads  and  gravel  paths 
can  obtain  an  idea  of  the  genera  of  trees  hardy  in  Massachusetts  and  of 
their  relation  to  each  other.  An  attempt  has  been  made  to  place  the 
Family  groups  in  positions  where  the  trees  may  find  favorable  conditions 
for  growth  without  interfering  with  the  beauty  of  hills  and  valleys,  and 
of  the  natural  woods.  Access  to  the  different  groups  of  all  the  trees  is 
secured  by  grass-covered  paths  several  miles  in  length  which  reach  every 
part  of  the  Arboretum  and  make  easy  the  examination  of  the  trees. 
Hardy  shrubs  of  genera  in  which  there  are  not  species  which  are  trees  are 
arranged  in  the  same  sequence  as  the  trees  in  parallel  beds  ten  feet  wide 
with  a  total  length  of  7765  feet,  and  separated  by  grass-covered  paths. 
This  shrub  collection  is  situated  on  the  level  ground  near  the  Forest  Hills 
entrance  and  is  surrounded  by  a  trellis  on  which  are  grown  vines  and  other 
climbing  plants.  It  has  been  established  for  the  instruction  of  gardeners, 
landscape  gardeners  and  others  interested  in  shrubs  who  can  find  in  it  all 
the  perfectly  hardy  species  of  many  genera  conveniently  arranged  for  com- 
parative study.  Insufficient  space  in  the  area  devoted  to  this  shrub  col- 
lection has  made  it  necessary  to  arrange  the  shrubs  belonging  to  genera 
in  which  some  of  the  species  are  trees  in  groups  as  near  as  possible  to  the 
trees  of  the  same  genus  or  Family;  as,  for  example,  the  Spindle-trees 
(Evonymus)  and  the  Sumachs  (Rhus)  on  opposite  sides  of  the  Meadow 
Road,  the  Lilacs  below  the  Ash-trees  on  the  left  hand  side  of  the  Bussey 
Road,  the  Viburnums  near  the  junction  of  the  Bussey  and  Valley  Roads, 
and  the  Kalmias  and  Rhododendrons  at  the  base  of  Hemlock  Hill.  Large 
numbers  of  shrubs  have  also  been  planted  to  form  margins  to  the  roads 
and  an  undergrowth  among  the  groups  of  trees,  native  shrubs  having  been 
chiefly  used  for  this  purpose  in  order  to  preserve  as  far  as  possible  a  New 
England  character.  Peter's  Hill  has  been  used  for  an  extension  of  the 
Pinetum,  for  the  principal  collection  of  Hawthorns  which  occupies  its 
eastern  slope,  for  a  large  supplementary  collection  of  Crabapples  and  species 


1922]     SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM        137 

of  Pear-trees,  and  the  collection  of  Poplars  and  Alders;  below  the  top 
of  the  hill  and  near  the  western  boundary  of  the  Arboretum  is  a  large 
mixed  plantation  of  deciduous-leaved  trees  in  which  are  found  some  of  the 
rarest  and  most  interesting  species  in  the  whole  collection,  for  this  exposed 
hilltop  has  proved  favorable  to  the  growth  of  several  trees  which  have  not 
flourished  in  the  Arboretum  at  lower  levels.  The  land  between  South 
Street  and  the  railroad  will  be  used  for  new  and  enlarged  collections  of 
Poplars  and  Willows,  and  the  addition  between  Centre  and  Walter  will  be 
chiefly  planted  with  trees  which  require  deep  soil  and  good  drainage  to 
enable  them  to  grow  to  a  large  size  and  live  to  old  age. 

The  regions  represented  by  the  living  collections  are  the  cool  temperate 
and  colder  parts  of  North  America,  Europe  and  Asia,  including  the 
higher  altitudes  of  the  Himalayas  and  other  more  southern  mountains. 
No  plants  from  the  southern  hemisphere,  not  even  from  the  high  Andes, 
southern  Chile  or  the  higher  mountains  of  New  Zealand  have  proved 
hardy  in  tha  Arboretum.  It  is  believed  that  there  are  now  growing  in  the 
Arboretum  between  five  and  six  thousand  species  and  varieties  of  trees 
and  shrubs  which  belong  to  the  following  Families  and  Genera: 

GYMNOSPERMAE 

Ginkgoaceae  Larix 

Ginkgo  Libocedrus  **""" 

Taxaceae  Picea. 

Cephalotaxus  Pinus 

Taxus  Pseudolarix 

Torreya  Pseudotsuga 

Pinaceae  Sciadopitys 

Abies  Taxodium 

Cedrus  ThuJa  * 

Chamaecyparis  Tsuga 
Cryptomeria  Gnetaceae 

Cupressus  Ephedra 

ANGIOSPERMAE 
MONOCOTYLEDONEAE 

Gramineae  Liliaceae 

Arundinaria  Smilax 

Phyllostachys  Yucca 
Sasa 

DICOTYLEDONEAE 

Salicaceae  Myricaceae 

Populus  Comptonia 

Salix  Myrica 


138 


JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 


[VOL.  in 


Leitneriaceae 
Leitneria 

Juglandaceae 
Carya 
Juglans 
Platycarya 
Pterocarya 

Betulaceae 
Alnus 
Betula 
Carpinus 
Corylus 
Ostrya 
Ostryopsis 

Fagaceae 
Castanea 
Fagus 
Quercus 

Ulmaceae 
Celtis 

Hemiptelea 
Pteroceltis 
Ulmus 
Zelkova 

Moraceae 
Maclura 
Morus 

Aristolochiaceae 
Aristolochia 

Polygonaceae 
Atraphaxis 

Chenopodiaceae 
Atriplex 
Eurotia 

Trochodendraceae 
Euptelea 

Cercidiphyllaceae 
Cercidiphyllum 

Ranunculaceae 
Clematis 
Paeonia 
Zanthorrhiza 


Lardizabalaceae 
Akebia 
Decaisnea 
Sargentodoxa 

.    Berberidaceae 
Berberis 
X  Mahoberberis 
Mahonia 

Menispennaceae 
Cocculus 
Menispermum 
Sinomenium 

Magnoliaceae 
Liriodendron 
Magnolia 
Schisandra 

Calycanthaceae 
Calycanthus 

Anonaceae 
Asimina 

Lauraceae 
Benzoin 
Sassafras 

Cruciferae 
Aethionema 
Alyssum 
Iberis 

Saxifragaceae 
Decumaria 
Deutzia 
Fendlera 
Hydrangea 
Itea 
Jamesia 
Philadelphus 
Ribes 

Schizophragma 
Whipplea 

Hamamelidaceae 
Corylopsis 
Fortunearia 
Fothergilla 
Hamamelis 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       139 


Liquidambar 
Parrotia 
Parrotiopsis 
Sinowilsonia 

Eucommiaceae 
Eucommia 

Platanaceae 
Platanus 

Rosaceae 

Amelanchier 

Cercocarpus 

Chaenomeles 

Chamaebatiaria 

Cotoneaster 

X  Crataegomespilus 

Crataegus 

Cydonia 

Dry  as 

Exochorda 

Holodiscus 

Kerria 

Maddenia 

Malus 

Mespilus 

Neillia 

Neviusa 

Osmaronia 

Pentactina 

Peraphyllum 

Petrophytum 

Photinia 

Physocarpus 

Potentilla 

Prinsepia 

Primus 

Pyracantha 

Pyrus 

Rhodotypus 

Rosa 

Rubus 

Sibiraea 

Sorbaria 

X  Sorbaronia 

X  Sorbopyrus 


Sorbus 
Spiraea 
Stephanandra 
Stranvaesia 

Leguminosae 
Amorpha 
Calophaca 
Campylotropis 
Caragana 
Cercis 
Cladrastis 
Colutea 
Coronilla 
Cytisus 
Desmodium 
Genista 
Gleditsia 
Gymnocladus 
Halimodendron 
Hedysarum 
Indigofera 
X  Laburnocytisus 
Laburnum 
Lespedeza 
Maackia 
Petteria 
Robinia 
Sophora 
Ulex 
Wistaria 

Rutaceae 
Evodia 
Orixa 

Phellodendron 
Poncirus 
Ptelea 
Ruta 
Zanthoxylum 

Simarubaceae 
Ailanthus 
Picrasma 

Meliaceae 
Cedrela 


140 


JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 


[VOL.  ni 


Polygalaceae 
Polygala 

Euphorbiaceae 
Andrachne 
Daphniphyllum 
Securinega 

Buxaceae 
Buxus 

Pachysandra 
Sarcococca 

Empetraceae 
Corema 
Empetrum 

Coriariaceae 
Coriaria 

Anarcardiaceae 
Cotinus 
Rhus 

Aquifoliaceae 
Ilex 
Nemopanthes 

Celastraceae 
Celastrus 
Evonymus 
Pachystima 
Tripterygium 

Staphyleaceae 
Staphylea 

Aceraceae 
Acer 
Hippocastanaceae 

Aesculus 

Sapindaceae 
Koelreuteria 
Sapindus 
Xanthoceras 

Sabiaceae 
Meliosma 
Sabia 

Rhamnaceae 
Berchemia 
Ceanothus 


Hovenia 

Paliurus 

Rhamnella 

Rhamnus 

Sageretia 

Zizyphus 

Vitaceae 
Ampelopsis 
Cissus 
Columella 
Parthenocissus 
Vitis 

Tiliaceae 
Grewia 
Tilia 

Malvaceae 
Hibiscus 
Sphaeralcea 

Dilleniaceae 
Actinidia 

Theaceae 
Gordonia 
Stewartia 

Guttiferae 
Hypericum 

Tamaricaceae 
Myricaria 
Tamarix 

Cistaceae 
Helianthemum 
Hudsonia 

Stachyuraceae 
Stachyurus 

Cactaceae 
Opuntia 

Thymelaeaceae 
Daphne 
Dirca 
Wikstroemia 

Elaeagnaceae 
Elaeagnus 
Hippophae 
Shepherdia 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       141 


Lythraceae 
Decodon 

Nyssaceae 
Davidia 
Nyssa 

Araliaceae 
Acanthopanax 
Aralia 

Echinopanax 
Hedera 

Cornaceae 
Cornus 
Helwingia 

Clethraceae 
Clethra 

Pyrolaceae 
Chimaphila 

Ericaceae 
Andromeda 
Arctostaphylus 
Arctous 
Bruckenthalia 
Calluna 
Cassiope 
Chamaedaphne 
Chiogenes 
Daboecia 
Enkianthus 
Epigaea 
Erica 
Gaultheria 
Gaylussacia 
Kalmia 
Ledum 
Leiophyllum 
Leucothoe 
Loiseleuria 
Lyonia 
Menziesia 
Oxydendron 
Phyllodoce 
Pieris 

Rhododendron 
Tripetaleia 


Tsusiophyllum 

Vaccinium 

Zenobia 

Sapotaceae 
Bumelia 

Ebenaceae 
Diospyros 

Styracaceae 
Halesia 
Pterostyrax 
Styrax 

Symplocaceae 
Symplocos 

Oleaceae 

Chionanthus 

Fontanesia 

Forestiera 

Forsythia 

Fraxinus 

Jasminum 

Ligustrum 

Syringa 

Loganiaceae 
Buddleia 

Apocynaceae 
Vinca 

Asclepiadaceae 
Marsdenia 
Periploca 

Boraginaceae 
Ehretia 

Verbenaceae 
Callicarpa 
Caryopteris 
Clerodendron 
Vitex 

Labiatae 
Elsholtzia 
Hyssopus 
Lavandula 
Perowskia 
Teucrium 
Thymus 


142  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

Solanaceae  Caprifoliaceae 

Lycium  Abelia 

Solanum  Diervilla 

Scrophulariaceae  Dipelta 

Paulownia  Kolkwitzia 

Pentstemon  Linnaea 

Veronica  Lonicera 

Bignoniaceae  Sambucus 

Anisostichus  Symphoncarpus 

Bignonia  Viburnum 
Catalpa  Compositae 

Rubiaceae  Artemisia 

Cephalanthus  Baccharis 

Leptodermis  Chrysanthemum 

Mitchella  Pertya 

RECORDS  AND  LABELS 

As  far  as  it  has  been  possible  to  do  it  the  record  of  every  species  and 
variety  of  the  trees  and  shrubs  planted  in  the  Arboretum  has  been  kept 
in  a  card  catalogue  and  to  each  has  been  given  a  number.  The  exact 
position  of  each  tree  in  the  systematically  arranged  groups  is  designated 
on  the  sheets  of  a  large-scale  map  and  with  them  is  kept  the  detailed 
history  of  each  tree  in  the  hope  that  it  will  be  possible  for  a  stranger  to 
locate  every  tree  in  the  collection  even  if  the  labels  are  lost. 

To  a  branch  of  every  important  plant  in  the  Arboretum  is  attached 
a  small  metal  label  on  which  the  name,  origin  and  card  catalogue  number 
of  the  plant  is  stamped  with  raised  letters.  These  labels  are  to  preserve 
records  and  not  for  public  use.  For  the  instruction  of  visitors  zinc  labels 
six  inches  long  and  four  inches  wide  painted  brown  with  their  Latin  and 
English  names  and  their  native  country  in  black  letters  are  fastened  with 
copper  nails  to  the  trunks  of  large  trees  at  about  the  height  of  the  eye. 
Small  trees  and  large  shrubs  are  furnished  with  oblong  wooden  labels  about 
eight  inches  long  painted  white  with  black  letters  and  hung  from  a  branch 
in  a  conspicuous  position;  metal  labels  of  about  the  same  size  as  the  trunk 
labels  and  raised  a  few  inches  above  the  surface  of  the  ground  are  placed 
before  the  plants  in  the  general  shrub  collection. 

THE  INTRODUCTION  OF  NEW  PLANTS 

In  1872  when  Harvard  College  agreed  to  obtain  as  far  as  practicable 
for  the  Arnold  Arboretum  all  the  trees,  shrubs  and  other  plants  which  could 
be  grown  in  West  Roxbury  very  few  such  plants  could  be  found  in  any 
private  or  commercial  collection  in  the  United  States,  and  a  large  number 
of  them  were  still  unknown  either  in  this  country  or  in  a  living  state  in 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       143 

Europe;  and  for  more  than  forty  years  continuous  efforts  have  been  made 
to  make  it  possible  for  Harvard  to  make  good  in  its  contract  with  Mr. 
Arnold's  Trustees.  Some  progress  has  been  made  but  there  are  still  regions 
of  the  northern  hemisphere  to  explore,  and  trees  still  unknown  in  Massachu- 
setts to  be  brought  here. 

At  once  after  his  appointment  the  Director  began  to  obtain  plants  and 
seeds  from  European  botanical  and  horticultural  establishments;  and  in 
December  1878  the  Arboretum  received  from  William  S.  Clark,  first 
President  of  the  Agricultural  College  at  Sapporo  in  Japan,  its  first  direct 
consignment  of  seeds  from  eastern  Asia. 

The  first  opportunity  to  obtain  on  a  large  scale  for  the  Arboretum 
American  plants  not  then  in  cultivation  in  the  United  States  came  in  1877 
when  the  Director  was  asked  to  prepare  for  the  General  Government  a 
report  on  the  forests  and  forest  wealth  of  the  country.  In  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  report  he  was  obliged  to  travel  into  all  the  forest  regions  of  the 
country  and  to  select  as  assistants  the  men  living  in  different  parts  of  the 
United  States  best  equipped  with  knowledge  of  trees  and  forests.  Among 
these  assistants  the  Arboretum  found  friends  who  continued  to  help  it 
during  the  remainder  of  their  lives  and  to  keep  it  in  constant  communica- 
tion with  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

During  the  last  forty  years  the  Arboretum  has  lost  no  opportunity  to 
increase  the  number  of  species  of  plants  cultivated  in  the  United  States 
and  Europe.  Its  officers  and  agents  have  continued  to  explore  the  forests 
of  North  America;  they  have  visited  every  country  in  Europe,  the  Cau- 
casus, eastern  Siberia  and  Korea,  and  have  studied  every  species  of  tree 
growing  in  the  forests  of  the  Japanese  Empire  from  Saghalin  to  the  moun- 
tains of  Formosa.  The  most  successful  of  all  plant  collectors,  Mr.  E.  H. 
Wilson,  now  Assistant  Director  of  the  Arboretum,  has  gathered  for  it  seeds 
and  other  material  of  the  trees  and  shrubs  and  of  the  Lilies  that  grow  in 
great  variety  on  the  mountains  which  rise  from  western  China  to  the  Tibetaa 
Plateau.  Agents  of  the  Arboretum  in  pursuit  of  knowledge  and  material 
have  visited  the  Malay  Peninsula,  Java,  the  Himalayas,  the  high  moun- 
tains of  east  tropical  Africa,  southern  Africa,  Australia,  Mexico,  Peru,  Chile 
southward  to  Terra  del  Fuego,  and  the  Falkland  Islands.  One  of  the  results 
of  these  journeys  of  the  last  forty  years  is  the  introduction  into  the  United 
States  of  the  plants  named  in  the  following  list.  Those  which  are  pre- 
ceded by  a  cross  are  hybrids,  and  those  preceded  by  an  asterisk  are  believed 
to  have  been  first  introduced  into  cultivation  by  the  agency  of  the  Arbore- 
tum. 

*Abelia  Engleriana;  *A.  Graebneriana;  *A.  longituba;  *A.  parvifolia; 
*A.  Schumannii;  *A.  Zanderi. 

*Abies  chensiensis;  A.  conctolor;  A.  Delavayi;  A.  Fargesii;  *A.  Faxoni- 
ana;  A.  grandis  (hardy  form  from  Idaho);  *A.  holophylla;  A.  homolepis 
var.  umbellata;  A.  koreana;  A.  lasiocarpa  var.  Beissneri;  *A.  recurvata;  A. 
sachalinensis ;  *A.  sachalinensis  var.  Mayriana;  *A.  sachalinensis  var. 


144  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

nemorensis;  A.  sibirica  var.  nephrolepis;  *A.  sibirica  var.  nephrolepis  f. 
chlorocarpa;  A.  spectabilis  var.  brevifolia;  *A.  squamata;  *A.  sutchuenen- 
sis;  *A.  Veitchii  var.  olivacea. 

*Acanthopanax  Giraldii;  A.  Henryi;  A.  innovans;  *A.  lasiogyne;  A. 
leucorrhizus;  *A.  leucorrhizus  var.  fulvescens;  *A.  leucorrhizus  var. 
scaberulus;  A.  ricinifolius;  A.  sciadophylloides;  A.  sessiliflorum  var. 
parviceps;  A.  setchuenensis;  A.  Simonii;  A.  ternatus. 

Acer  barbinerve;  A.  barbinerve  var.  glabrescens;  A.  Buergerianum; 
A.  Buergerianum  var.  trinerve;  A.  campestre  var.  hebecarpum;  A.  cam- 
pestre  var.  nanum;  *A  capillipes;  A.  cappadocicum  f.  tricaudatum;  A. 
•carpinifolium;  *A.  catalpifolium;  A.  caudatum;  A.  caudatum  var.  multi- 
serratum;  *A.  caudatum  var.  Prattii;  A.  caudatum  var.  ukurunduense; 
A.:  cissifolium;  A.  crataegifolium;  A.  Davidii;  A.  diabolicum  var.  pur- 
purascens;  A.  discolor;  A.  distylum;  A.  Durettii;  A.  Fargesii;  A.  flabella- 
tum;-  A.  Franchetii;  A.  ginnala;  A.  ginnala  var.  aidzuense;  A.  ginnalavar. 
Semenowii;  A.  grandidentatum;  A.  griseum;  A.  Heldreichii;  A.  Heldreichii 
var.  macropterum;  A.  Henryi;  *A.  Hersii;  *A.  laxiflorum;  A.  longipes; 
A.  mandshuricum;  *A.  Maximowiczii;  A.  Mayrii;  A.  micranthum;  *A. 
Miyabei;  *A.  morrisonense;  A.  nikoense;  A.  Negundo  (dwarf  form) ;  *A. 
nudicarpum;  *A.  Okamotoanum;  A.  opalus;  A.  opalus  var.  tomentosum; 
A.  parviflorum;  A.  pennsylvanicum  var.  erythrocladum;  A.  pictum; 
A.  pictum  var.  parviflorum;  A.  pictum  var.  tricuspe;  *A.  pilosum;  A. 
platanoides  var.  acuminatum;  A.  Pseudo-Platanus  var.  erythrocarpum; 
A.  pseudo-sieboldianum;  A.  pseudo-sieboldianum  var.  ambiguum;  *A. 
pycnanthum;  A.  robustum;  A.  rufinerve;  A.  saccharinum  (dwarf  form) ;  *A. 
saccharum  var.  Schneckii;  A.  Sieboldianum;  A.  sinense;  A.  tegmentosum; 
A.  tetramerum;  A.  tetramerum  var.  betulifolium  f.  latialatum;  *A.  tetra- 
merum  var.  elobulatum  f.  longeracemosum;  A.  tetramerum  var.  tiliifolium; 
A.  Trautvetteri;  *A.  triflorum;  A.  truncatum;  *A.  Tschonoskii;  *A. 
Tschonoskii  var.  rubripes;  A.  zoeschense;  A.  zoeschense  var.  elongatum. 

Actinidia  callosa  var.  Henryi;  A.  chinensis;  *A.  coriacea;  A.  Henryi; 
A.  melanandra;  *A.  purpurea;  *A.  tetramera;  *A.  venosa. 

*Aesculus  arguta;  *XA.  Bushii;  A.  chinensis;  A.  discolor  var.  mollis; 
A.  georgiana;  *A.  georgiana  var.  lanceolata;  *A.  georgiana  var.  pubescens; 
*A.  glabra  var.  Buckleyi;  *A.  glabra  var.  leucodermis;  *A.  glaucescens; 
*XA.  Harbisonii;  *XA.  mississippiensis;  A.  turbinata  var.  pubescens; 
*A.  Wilsonii. 

Ailanthus  altissima  var.  sutchuenensis;  A.  Vilmoriniana. 

*Akebia  lobata  var.  australis. 

Alangium  platanifolium. 

Albizzia  coreana. 

Alnus  cremastogyne;  A.  fiima;  A.  firma  var.  hirtella;  *A.  fruticosa  var. 
mandshurica;  A.  hirsuta;  A.  hirsuta  var.  sibirica;  A.  lanata;  *A.  Maxi- 
mowiczii; *A.  mollis;  A.  pendula;  *A.  sinuata;  A.  tenuifolia. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       145 

Amelanchier  asiatica  var.  sinica. 

Ampelopsis  aconitifolia  var.  palmiloba;  A.  brevipedunculata  var. 
citrulloides ;  A.  Delavayana;  A.  humulifolia;  A.  megalophylla;  A.  micans; 
*A.  micans  var.  cinerea;  A.  Watsoniana. 

Andrachne  colchica;  *A.  phyllanthoides. 

Aphananthe  aspera. 

Aralia  chinensis;  A.  chinensis  var.  glabrescens. 

Ardisia  japonica. 

Aristolochia  heterophylla;  A.  Kaempferi;  A.  manshuriensis;  A. 
moupinensis. 

*Artemisia  cana;   *A.  tripartita. 

*Arundinaria  Murielae. 

Benzoin  cercidif olium ;  B.  grandif olium ;  B.  obtusilobum;  B.  praecox; 
*B.  trilobum;  *B.  umbellatum  var.  sericeum. 

*Berberis  aemulans;  *B.  aggregata;  B.  aggregata  var.  Prattii;  B. 
aggregata  var.  recurvata;  B.  amurensis;  *B.  atrocarpa;  *B.  Beaniana; 
*B.  Bergmanniae  var.  acanthophylla;  *B.  Boschanii;  B.  brachypoda; 
B.  Bretschneideri ;  B.  candidula;  *B.  circumserrata;  B.  consimilis;  B. 
dasystachya;  B.  diaphana;  B.  dictyophylla;  *B.  dictophylla  var.  eprui- 
nosa;  *B.  Dielsiana;  *B.  Francisci-Ferdinandi;  B.  Gagnepainii;  *B.  Gil- 
giana;  *B.  Henryana;  B.  Julianae;  *B.  koreana;  *B.  Liechtensteinii; 
*B.  morrisonensis;  *B.  Mouillacana;  *B.  Poiretii  f.  weichangensis;  B. 
polyantha;  *B.  Purdomii;  B.  Rehderiana;  *B.  Sargentiana;  *B.  Sieboldii; 
*B.  Silva-Taroucana;  B.  subcaulialata;  *B.  thibetica;  B.  Thunbergii 
var.  Maximowiczii;  *B.  Thunbergii  var.  minor;  *B.  Tischleri;  *B.  tria- 
canthophora;  B.  Veitchii;  *B.  Vernae;  B.  verruculosa;  B.  Wilsonae; 
B.  Wilsonae  var.  Stapfiana;  B.  yunnanensis. 

Berchemia  volubilis. 

Betula  alba  var.  songarica;  B.  albo-sinensis;  *B.  albo-sinensis  var. 
septentrionalis;  B.  chinensis;  *B.  coerulea;  *B.  coerulea  var.  Blanchardii; 
*B.  corylifolia;  *B.  costata;  B.  davurica;  B.  Delavayi;  B.  Ermanii  var. 
brevidentata;  *B.  Ermannii  var.  Saitoana;  B.  Ermannii  var.  subcordata;  B. 
fontinalis;  *B.  fontinalis  var.  Piperi;  B.  grossa;  B.  japonica;  B.  japonica 
var.  kamtschatica;  B.  japonica  var.  mandshurica;  *B.  japonica  var. 
szechuanica;  B.  luminifera;  B.  mandshurica;  B.  Maximo wicziana;  B. 
Medwediewii;  B.  microphylla;  B.  Middendorfii;  *B.  neo-alaskana;  B. 
papyrifera  var.  kenaica;  *B.  papyrifera  var.  subcordata;  *B.  Potaninii; 
*B.  Sandbergii;  *B.  Schmidtii;  B.  utilis;  B.  utilis  var.  Prattii. 

XBignonia  hybrida  "Madame  Galen". 

Buddleia  albiflora;  B.  Davidii;  B.  Davidii  var.  magnifica;  *B.  Davidii 
var.  superba;  B.  Davidii  var.  Wilsonii;  *B.  Lindleyana  var.  sinuato-den- 
tata;  B.  nivea;  B.  nivea  var.  yunnanensis;  *B.  officinalis;  *B.  steno- 
stachya. 

Buxus  japonica;  *B.  microphylla  var.  koreana. 

Callicarpa  dichotoma;  C.  Giraldiana. 


146  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

Camellia  cuspidata. 
Camptotheca  acuminata. 
"Campy lotropis  Falconer!;   C.  macrocarpa. 
Caragana  Boisii ;  *C.  Maximo wicziana;  *C.  sukiensis. 
Carpinus  Betulus  var.  carpinizza;  C.  Betulus  f.  fastigiata;  C.  Betulus  f. 
globosa;   C.  cordata;  C.  cordata  var.  chinensis;   *C.  eximia;   *C.  Fargesi- 
ana;  *C.  Fauriei;  *C.  Henry  ana;  *C.  japonica;  *C.  laxiflora;  C.  laxiflora 
var.  macrostachya;    *C.  Tschonoskii;    *C.  Turczaninovii;    C.   Turczani- 
novii  var.  ovalifolia. 
*Carrierea  calycina. 

*Carya  alba  ovoidea  *XC.  Brownii;  *XC.  Brownii  var.  varians; 
*C.  Buckleyi;  *C.  Buckleyi  var.  arkansana;  *C.  Buckleyi  var.  arkansana  f. 
paehy lemma;  *C.  Buckleyi  var.  villosa;  *C.  carolinae-septentrionalis; 
*C.  cordiformis  var.  latifolia;  X*C.  Dunbarii;  *C.  glabra  var.  megacarpa; 
*XC.  Laneyi;  *XC.  Laneyii  var.  chateaugayensis;  XC.  McAllisteri; 
*C.  myristicaeformis;  XC.  Nussbaumerii;  *C.  ovalis  var.  hirsuta;  *C. 
ovata  var.  ellipsoidalis;  *C.  ovata  var.  fraxinifolia;  *C.  pallida;  *C. 
texana. 

*Cassiope  selaginoides. 

Castanea  Henry i;  C.  mollissima;  C.  neglecta;  C.  Seguinii. 

*Castanopsis  ceratacantha;    *C.  platyacantha;    C.  sclerophylla. 

*Catalpa  Bungei;  *C.  Duclouxii;  *C.  Fargesii. 

*Cedrelamicrocarpa;  C.  sinensis. 

*Cedrus  libani  (hardy  form  from  the  Cilician  Taurus). 

Celastrus  angulata;  C.  flagellaris;  *C.  gemmata;  *C.  glaucophylla; 
C.  Hookeri;  *C.  hypoleuca;  C.  Loeseneri;  *C.  Rosthorniana;  *C.  rugosa. 

Celtis  australis;  C.  Biondii;  C.  Bungeana;  C.  caucasica;  *C.  cerasi- 
fera;  C.  Douglasii;  C.  jessoensis;  *C.  Julianae;  *C.  koraiensis;  *C. 
labilis;  *C.  laevigata  var.  Small ii;  *C.  pumila  var.  Dearaii;  C.  reticulata; 
C.  Tournefortii. 

Cephalotaxus  drupacea  var.  sinensis;  *C.  nana. 

*Ceratostigma  Willmottianum. 

*Cercidiphyllum  japonicum  var.  sinense. 

*Cercis  racemosa. 

Cercocarpus  montanus. 

*Chaenomeles  lagenaria  var.  Wilsonii. 

*Chamaebatiaria  millefolium. 

Chamaecyparis  Lawsoniana  var.  Fletcheri;  C.  Lawsoniana  var.  lyco- 
podioides;  C.  Lawsoniana  var.  tamariscifolia;  *C.  obtusa  var.  breviramea; 
*C.  obtusa  var.  formosana. 

Chionanthus  retusus. 

*Chloranthus  serratus. 

Chrysanthemum  sibiricum. 

Chrysothamnus  pumilus. 

*Citrus  ichangensis. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       147 

*Cladrastisplatycarpa;  C.  sinensis;  *C.  Wilsonii. 

Clematis  apiifolia;  *C.  apiifolia  var.  obtusidentata;  C.  Armandii; 
*C.  Armandii  f.  Farquhariana;  *C.  chiisanensis;  C.  chinensis;  C.  colum- 
biana;  *C.  Delavayi;  *C.  Fargesii;  *C.  Fargesii  var.  Soulieana;  C.  glauca 
var.  akebioides;  *C.  glauca  var.  angustifolia;  C.  Gouriana;  *  G.  Gouriana 
var.  Finetii;  *C.  gracilifolia;  *C.  grata  var.  grandidentata;  *C.  grata  var. 
lobulata;  *C.  heracleaefolia  var.  ichangensis;  C.  lasiandra;  *C.  macro- 
petala;  C.  montana  var.  rubens;  C.  montana  var.  Wilsonii;  *C.  montana 
var.  Wilsonii  f.  platysepala;  C.  paniculata  var.  dioscoreaefolia;  *C. 
Pavoliniana;  *C.  Pierotii;  *C.  Prattii;  C.  pterantha;  C.  Rehderiana;  C. 
serratifolia;  *C.  Spooneri;  C.  tangutica;  *C.  tangutica  var.  obtusiuscula; 
C.  trullifera;  C.  uncinata;  C.  Veitchiana. 

*Clematoclethra  actinidioides;  *C.  integrifolia;  *C.  lasioclada  var. 
grandis;  *C.  scandens. 

Clerodendron  trichotomum  var.  Fargesii. 

*Clethramonostachya;  C.  Fargesii. 

Cocculus  trilobus. 

*Columella  oligocarpa. 

*Comanthosphace  sublanceolata. 

Coriaria  japonica;  C.  sinica. 

Cornus  alba  var.  Kesselringii;  C.  alba  var.  Rosenthalii;  C.  Bret- 
schneideri;  C.  contro versa;  *C.  florida  f.  xanthocarpa;  *C.  Hemsleyi;  C. 
Hessei;  C.  Koenigii;  *C.  koreana;  C.  kousa  (Chinese  form) ;  C.  officinalis; 
C.  paucinervis;  C.  poliophylla;  C.  pumila;  C.  sanguinea  var.  atrosan- 
guinea;  C.  sanguinea  var.  viridissima;  C.  stolonifera  var.  coloradensis; 
C.  stolonifera  var.  flaviramea;  C.  Walteri. 

*Corylopsis  glabrescens;  *C.  Gotoana;  *C.  platypetala;  C.  sinensis; 
C.  Veitchiana;  *C.  Willmottiae. 

Corylus  avellana  var.  contorta;  C.  chinensis;  C.  heterophylla;  *C. 
heterophylla  var.  sutchuenensis;  C.  mandshurica;  C.  Sieboldiana;  C. 
tibetica. 

*Cotinus  americanus. 

Cotoneaster  acutifolia;  *C.  acutifolia  var.  villosula;  C.  adpressa;  C. 
ambigua;  C.  amoena;  *C.  apiculata;  C.  bullata  var.  macrophylla;  C. 
buxifolia  var.  vellaea;  C.  Dammeri;  C.  Dielsiana;  *C.  Dielsiana  var. 
elegans;  *C.  divaricata;  *C.  foveolata;  C.  Franchetii;  C.  Henry  ana;  C. 
horizontals;  C.  horizontalis  var.  perpusilla;  *C.  hupehensis;  C.  ignava; 
C.  moupinensis;  *C.  multiflora  var.  calocarpa;  *C.  nitens;  C.  obscura; 
*C.  obscura  var.  cornifolia;  C.  racemiflora  var.  Veitchii;  *C.  racemiflora 
var.  microcarpa;  *C.  racemiflora  var.  soongorica;  *C.  salicifolia;  *C. 
salicifolia  var.  floccosa;  C.  salicifolia  var.  rugosa;  C.  Zabelii;  *C.  Zabelii 
var.  miniata. 

X Crataegomespilus  Dardari;  XC.  Dardari  var.  Asnieresii;  XC. 
grandiflora. 

*Crataegus  abjecta;    *C.  acclivis;    *C.  acerba;    *C.  acuminata;    *C. 


148  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  ni 

acutifolia;  *C.  acutiloba;  *C.  admiranda;  *C.  ad  vena;  *C.  affinis;  *C. 
alacris;  *C.  allecta;  *C.  alnorum;  *C.  ambitiosa;  *C.  ambrosia;  *C. 
amnicola;  *C.  amoena;  *C.  amplifica;  *C.  anomala;  *C.  apiomorpha; 
*C.  apposita;  *C.  aprica;  *C.  aquilonaris;  *C.  arcana;  *C.  arcuata; 
*C.  ardua;  *C.  arduennae;  *C.  aridula;  *C.  arkansana;  *C.  arnoldiana; 
*C.  ascendens;  *C.  aspera;  *C.  asperata;  *C.  asperifolia;  *C.  assurgens; 
*C.  ater;  *C.  atrorubens;  *C.  attenuata;  *C.  angustata;  *C.  aulica; 
*C.  austera. 

*Crataegus  baccata;  *C.  Balkwillii;  C.  barbara;  *C.  barrettiana; 
*C.  Barryana;  *C.  Bartoniana;  C.  Bartramiana;  *C.  Bealii;  *C.  beata; 
*C.  Beckiana;  *C.  bedfordensis;  *C.  bella;  *C.  bellica;  *C.  bellula;  *C. 
benigna;  *C.  Berlandieri;  *C.  Bicknellii;  *C.  Bissellii;  *C.  blairensis; 
*C.  Blanchardii;  *C.  blanda;  *C.  blandita;  *C.  bona;  *C.  Boothiana; 
*C.  brachypoda;  *C.  bracteata;  *C.  Brainerdii;  *C.  brazoria;  *C.  Brit- 
tonii;  *C.  Brockwayae;  *C.  Brownietta;  *C.  Brunetiana;  *C.  Bushii. 

Crataegus  caesariata;  *C.  caesia;  *C.  caliciglabra;  *C.  callicarpa;  *C. 
callophylla;  *C.  callosa;  *C.  calvescens;  *C.  Calvenii;  *C.  canadensis; 
*C.  Canbyi;  *C.  candens;  *C.  Carrierei;  C.  celsa;  *C.  cerasina;  *C. 
cestrica;  *C.  chadsfordiana;  *C.  champlainensis;  *C.  Chapmanii;  *C. 
chateaugayensis;  *C.  chippewarensis;  *C.  Clintoniana;  *C.  coccineata; 
*C.  coccinioides;  *C.  coerulescens;  *C.  cognata;  *C.  coloradensis;  *C. 
Colorado;  *C.  colorata;  *C.  columbiana;  *C.  comata;  *C.  compacta; 
*C.  comparata;  *C.  compta;  *C.  condensa;  *C.  conferta;  *C.  confinis; 
*C.  confragosa;  *C.  congestiflora;  *C.  conjuncta;  *C.  conspecta;  *C. 
conspicua;  *C.  consarta;  *C.  contigua;  *C.  contortifolia;  *C.  contortula; 
*C.  corporea;  *C.  crassifolia;  *C.  Crawfordiana;  *C.  cristata;  *C.  cruda; 
*C.  crudilis;  *C.  Crusgalli  var.  oblongifolia;  *C.  Crus-galli  var.  ovalifolia; 
*C.  Crus-galli  var.  rubescens;  *C.  culta;  *C.  cuprea;  *C.  cupulifera;  *C. 
cyanophylla. 

*Crataegus  dacrioidea;  *C.  dallasiana;  *C.  Damei;  *C.  dasyphylla; 
*C.  Dawsoniana;  *C.  Dayana;  *C.  debilis;  *C.  definata;  *C.  delawaren- 
sis;  *C.  delecta;  *C.  delectabilis;  *C.  delectata;  *C.  deltoides;  *C.  De- 
losii;  *C.  delucida;  *C.  demissa;  *C.  densiflora;  *C.  desueta;  *C.  Dewey- 
ana;  *C.  Dewingei;  *C.  diaphora;  *C.  diffusa;  *C.  digna;  *C.  dilatata; 
*C.  disjuncta;  *C.  dissimilis;  *C.  dissona;  *C.  divergens;  *C.  diversifolia; 
*C.  divida;  *C.  Dodgei;  *C.  Douglasii  var.  Suksdorfii;  *C.  drymophila; 
*C.  dsungarica;  *C.  dumetosa;  *C.  dumicola;  *C.  Dunbari;  *C.  durobri- 
vensis. 

*Crataegus  Eamesii;  *C.  Eastmaniana;  *C.  Eatoniana;  *C.  Edsonii; 
*C.  effera;  *C.  efferta;  *C.  effulgens;  *C.  Eganii;  *C.  Egglestonii;  *C. 
Ellwangeriana;  *C.  elongata;  *C.  Emersoniana;  *C.  Engelmannii;  *C. 
enucleata;  *C.  erecta;  *C.  errata;  *C.  erythrocarpa;  *C.  erythropoda; 
*C.  Evansiana;  *C.  exclusa;  *C.  exigua;  *C.  exornata. 

Crataegus  fallsiana;  *C.  Faxonii;  *C.  fecunda;  *C.  ferentaria;  *C. 
ferox;  *C.  Ferrissii;  *C.  ferta;  *C.  fertilis;  *C.  filipes;  *C.  finitima;  *C. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       149 

firma;  *C.  flabellata;  *C.  flagrans;  *C.  flammea;  *C.  flavida;  *C.  fiorea; 
*C.  florifera;  *C.  fluviatalis;  *C.  foetida;  *C.  foliata;  *C.  Fontanesiana; 
*C.  Forbesae;  *C.  formosa;  *C.  fortunata;  *C.  Fretzii;  *C.  fructuosa; 
*C.fucosa;  *C.  fulgens;  *C.fulgida;  *C.  Fulleriana;  *C.furcata. 

*Crataegus  gaudens;  *C.  Gaultii;  *C.  gemmosa;  *C.  geneseensis; 
*C.  genialis;  *C.  georgiana;  *C.  gilva;  *C.  glabrata;  *C.  glabrifolia; 
*C.  glabriuscula;  *C.  glariosa;  *C.  glaucophylla;  *C.  globosa;  *C. 
gloriosa;  *C.  gracilipes;  *C.  gratiosa;  *C.  gravida;  *C.  gravis;  *C.  grig- 
nonensis;  *C.  Grubneri. 

*Crataegus  Habereri;  *C.  Halliana;  *C.  hamata;  *C.  Handyae;  *C. 
Hargeri;  *C.  heidelbergensis;  *C.  Heldreichii;  *C.  Helenae;  *C.  hiemalis; 
*C.  Hillii;  *C.  hirtella;  *C.  hispidula;  *C.  Holmesiana;  *C.  Holmesiana 
var.  tardipes;  *C.  honesta;  C.  horridula;  *C.  Howeana;  *C.  hudsonica; 
*C.  hystricina. 

*Crataegus  ideae;  *C.  illecebrosa;  *C.  illinoiensis;  *C.  illuminata;  *C. 
improvisa;  *C.  inaudita;  *C.  incaedua;  *C.  incerta;  *C.  incisa;  *C. 
inducta;  *C.  induta;  *C.  infera;  *C.  infesta;  *C.  insignis;  *C.  insolens; 
*C.  insolita;  *C.  inspirata;  *C.  integriloba;  C.  intricata;  *C.  inusitula; 
*C.  invisa;  *C.  irrasa. 

*Crataegus  Jackii;  *C.  jasperensis;  *C.  Jenningsii;  *C.  jejuna;  *C. 
Jonesae;  *C.  joyana;  *C.  jozoana. 

*Crataegus  Keepii;  *C.  Kellermanii;  *C.  Kennedy!;  *C.  Kinzerae; 
*C.  kingstonensis;  C.  Korolkowii. 

*Crataegus  laetans;  *C.  lanceolata;  *C.  Laneyi;  *C.  lanigera;  *C. 
lanuginosa;  *C.  larga;  *C.  lasiantha;  *C.  latifrons;  *C.  latisepala;  *C. 
laurencensis ;  *C.  laurentiana;  *C.  lauta;  *C.  laxiflora;  *C.  leioclada; 
*C.  leiophylla;  *C.  lemingtonensis;  *C.  Lennoniana;  *C.  lenta;  *C. 
leptophylla;  *C.  leptopoda;  *C.  Lettermanii;  *C.  leucorum;  *C.  levis; 
*C.  limaria;  *C.  limosa;  *C.  littoralis;  *C.  livoniana;  *C.  lobulata;  *C. 
locuples;  *C.  longipedicellata;  *C.  ludoviciana;  *C.  luminosa;  *C. 
lutensis;  *C.  luxuriosa. 

*Crataegus  Macauleyae;  *C.  macera;  *C.  Macounii;  *C.  macrocalyx; 
*C.  macrophylla;  *C.  macropoda;  *C.  macrosperma;  *C.  magnifolia; 
*C.  maineana;  *C.  maligna;  *C.  marcida;  *C.  Margaretta;  *C.  Marga- 
retta  f.  xanthocarpa;  *C.  Maribella;  *C.  matura;  *C.  Maxim owicziana; 
*C.  media;  *C.  medioxima;  *C.  Menandiana;  *C.  menstrata;  *C.  merita; 
*C.  metniculosa;  *C.  micella;  *C.  michiganensis;  *C.  micrantha;  *C. 
microsperma;  *C.  miniata;  *C.  miranda;  *C.  missouriensis;  *C.  mitis; 
*C.  modesta;  *C.  modica;  *C.  Mohrii;  *C.  mollipes;  *C.  mollis;  *C. 
monstrata;  *C.  montivaga;  *C.  munita. 

*Crataegus  napaea;  *C.  nemoralis;  *C.  neo-Bushii;  *C.  neo-fluvialis; 
*C.  neo-londinensis;  *C.  nescia;  *C.  nitens;  *C.  nitida;  *C.  notabilis;  *C. 
notha;  *C.  nuda;  *C.  numerosa;  *C.  nutans. 

*Crataegus  Oakesiana;  *C.  oblita;  *C.  ogdensburgensis;  *C.  olivacea; 
*C.  opica;  *C.  opulens;  *C.  ornata;  *C.  otiosa;  *C.  ovata;  *C.  ovatifolia. 


160  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

Crataeguspachyphylla;  *C.  Paddockeae;  *C.  padifolia;  *C.  Paineana; 
*C.  Painteriana;  *C.  palliata;  *C.  pallidula;  *C.  Palmeri;  *C.  paradoxa; 
*C.  parciflora;  *C.  Parkae;  *C.  parviflora;  *C.  parvula;  *C.  pastorum; 
*C.  patrum;  *C.  paucispina;  *C.  pausiaca;  *C.  Peckii;  *C.  pectinata; 
*C.  pedicellata;  *C.  pellucidula;  *C.  pennsylvanica;  *C.  Pennypackeri ; 
*C.  pentandra;  *C.  peoriensis;  *C.  pequotorum;  *C.  peramoena;  *C. 
perampla;  *C.  peregrina;  *C.  perjucunda;  *C.  perlaeta;  *C.  perlevis; 
*C.  permera;  *C.  perrara;  *C.  persimilis;  C.  persistens;  C.  philadelphica; 
*C.  phleboxia;  *C.  pilifera;  *C.  pilosa;  *C.  pinguis;  C.  pinnatifida;  C. 
pinnatifida  var.  major;  C.  pinnatiloba;  *C.  Piperi;  *C.  pisifera;  *C. 
placida;  *C.  plana;  *C.  platycarpa;  *C.  polita;  *C.  polyclada;  *C  popul- 
neaj  *C.  porrecta;  *C.  Porteri;  *C.  praeclara;  *C.  praecogna;  *C. 
praestans;  *C.  pratensis;  *C.  Pringlei;  *C.  Proctoriana;  *C.  prominens; 
*C.  promissa;  *C.  prona;  *C.  propixa;  *C.  propria;  *C.  pruinosa;  *C. 
pubifolia;  *C.  pudens;  *C.  pulcherima;  *C.  pulchra;  *C.  pumila;  *C. 
punctata  var.  canescens;  *C.  punctata  var.  moselemensis;  *C.  punctata 
var.  mutabilis;  *C.  pura;  *C.  pusilla;  *C.puta;  *C.  putata;  *C.  pygmaea; 
*C.  pyrifonnis;  *Crataegus  quercina;  *C.  quinebaugensis. 

*Crataegus  radiata;  *C.  radina;  *C.  radiosa;  *C.  Randiana;  *C. 
recordabilis;  *C.  relicta;  *C.  remota;  *C.  repentina;  *C.  repulsans;  *C. 
reses;  *C.  retrusa;  *C.  Reverchonii;  *C.  rhombifolia;  *C.  rigida;  *C. 
rivalis;  *C.  Robesoniana;  *C.  Robinsonii;  *C.  robusta;  *G.  rotunda; 
*C.  rotundata;  *C.  rotundifolia  var.  aboriginum;  *C.  rubicunda;  *C. 
rubicundula;  *C.  rubrifolia;  *C.  rubrocarnea;  *C.  rudis;  *C.  rufipes;  *C. 
ruricola;  *C.  rustica;  *C.  rutila. 

*Crataegus  saeva;  *C.  saligna;  *C.  sarniensis;  *C.  saturata;  *C.  Saun- 
dersiana;  *C.  saxatilis;  C.  scabra;  *C.  scabrida;  *C.  scitula;  *C.  Searsii; 
*C.  seclusa;  *C.  secta;  *C.  sejuncta;  *C.  sera;  *C.  serena;  *C.  sertata; 
*C.  setosa;  *C.  severa;  *C.  sextilis;  *C.  shirleyensis;  *C.sicca;  *C.  sidera; 
*C.  simulans;  *C.  simulata;  *C.  sinistra;  *C.  sitiens;  *C.  Slavinii;  *C. 
Smlthii;  *C.  sordida;  *C.  spatiosa;  *C.  speciosa;  *C.  spinulosa;  *C. 
stenophylla;  *C.  Stonei;  *C.  stolonifera;  *C.  Streeterae;  *C.  strigosa; 
*C.  strongylophylla;  *C.  structilis;  *C.  suavis;  *C.  submollis;  *C.  sub- 
orbiculata;  *C.  succincta;  *C.  swanensis. 

"Crataegus  taetrica;  *C.tantula;  *C.  tarda;  *C.  tardipes;  *C.  Tatnal- 
liana;  *C.  tenax;  *C.  tenella;  *C.  tenera;  *C.  tenuiloba;  *C.  tenuisepala; 
*C.  texana;  *C.  Thayeri;  *C.  tomentosa;  *C.  torta;  *C.  tortuosa;  *C. 
trachyphylla;  *C.  trahax;  *C.  trianthophora;  *C.  tribulosa;  *C.  tripar- 
tita;  *C.  triumphalis;  *C.  truculenta; 

*Crataegus  umbratilis;  *C.  umbrosa;  *C.  uniqua;  *C.  uplandia;  *C. 
urbana;  *C.  uticaensis. 

*Crataegus  vaga;  *C.  vallicola;  *C.  varians;  *C.  vegeta;  *C.  velutina; 
*C.  venulosa;  *C.  venusta;  *C.  venustula;  *C.  verecunda;  *C.  verrucu- 
losa;  *C.  vicina;  *C.  vicinalis;  *C.  villicarpa;  *C.  villiflora;  *C.  villipes; 
*C.  virella;  *C.  viridimontana;  *C.  viridis;  *C.  vittata;  *C.  vivida. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       151 

*Crataegus  Websteri;  *C.  Wheeleri;  *C.  Williamsii;  *C.  wilmorensis; 
*C.  Wilsonii. 

*Crataegus  xanthophylla. 

Cryptomeria  japonica  var.  globosa  nana. 

*Cunninghamia  Konishii. 

Cy tisus  albus  var.  schipkaensis ;  XC.  Beanii;  C.  elongatus;  C.  glabres- 
cens;  C.  nigricans;  C.  nigrescens  var.  Carlierii;  C.  purgans;  C.  scoparius 
var.  Andreanus  f .  compactus. 

Dalbergia  hupeana. 

Daphne  altaica;  D.  altaica  var.  Sophia;  D.  caucasica;  D.  genkwa 
(Chinese  form);  *D.  Giraldii;  D.  retusa;  *D.  tangutica. 

Daphniphyllum  humile. 

Davidia  involucrata;  D.  involucrata  var.  Vilmoriniana. 

Debregeasia  longifolia. 

Decaisnea  Fargesii. 

*Decumaria  sinensis. 

*Desmodiumserriferum;  *D.  spicatum;  D.  tiliaefolium. 

*Deutzia  coreana;  D.  discolor;  *D.  glabrata;  D.  glomeruliflora;  *D. 
grandiflora;  *D.  hypoleuca;  D.  longifolia;  *D.  longifolia  var.  elegans; 

D.  mollis;   D.  parviflora;   D.  parviflora  var.  ovatifolia;   *D.  pulchra;   D. 
purpurascens;    *D.  Schneideriana  var.  laxiflora;    D.  setchuenensis;    D. 
setchuenensis  var.  corymbiflora;  D.  Vilmorinae;  D.  Wilsonii. 

*Diervilla  florida  var.  venusta;  D.  japonica;  D.  japonica  var.  sinica; 
*D.  Maximowiczii ;  D.  Middendorfiana. 

Dipelta  floribunda;  D.  ventricosa; 

Dipteronia  sinensis. 

*Disanthus  cercidifolius. 

*Echinopanax  elatus. 

Ehretia  acuminata;   E.  Dicksonii. 

Elsholtzia  polystachya;  *E.  Stauntonii. 

Emmenopterys  Henryi. 

*Enkianthus  campanulatus  var.  albiflora;  E.  campanulatus  var. 
Palibiniana;  E.  cernuus  var.  rubens;  E.  deflexus;  E.  quinqueflorus  var. 
serrulatus;  *E.  subsessilis. 

*Epigaea  asiatica. 

Eucommia  ulmoides. 

Euptelea  Franchetii;   *E.  pleiosperma;   E.  polyandra. 

Eurotia  lanata. 

Euscaphis  japonica. 

*EvodiaDaniellii;  E.  glauca;  E.  Henryi;  E.  hupehensis;  *E.  ofBcinalis; 
*E.  velutina. 

Evonymus  acanthocarpa;  *E.  alata  var.  aperta;  *E.  aquifolium;  E. 
Bungeana;  E.  Bungeana  var.  semipersistens;  E.  cornuta;  *E.  elegantis- 
sima;  E.  lanceifolia;  E.  Maackii;  E.  macroptera;  E.  nana;  E.  oxyphylla; 

E.  planipes;   *E.  porphyrea;   *E.  radicans  var.  microphylla;   *E.  radicans 


152  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

var.  acuta;  *E.  radicans  var.  vegeta;  E.  sanguinea;  *E.  Sargentiana;  E. 
subsessilis. 

Exochorda  Giraldii;  *E.  Giraldii  var.  Wilsonii;  X  E.  macrantha;  E. 
serratifolia. 

*Fagus  Engleriana;  *F.  japonica;  *F.  longipetiolata;  *F.  lucida;  F. 
orientalis;  *F.  Sieboldii;  F.  sylvatica  var.  dawyckii. 

Foresteeria  neomexicana;   *F.  pubescens. 

*Forsythia  ovata;  *F.  suspensa  f.  pubescens;  F.  suspensa  var.  Fortune! 
f.  atrocaulis;  X  F.  intermedia  var.  spectabilis. 

*Fortunearia  sinensis. 

*Fraxinus  americana  var.  crassifolia;  F.  anomala;  F.  Bungeana;  F. 
chinensis;  F.  chinensis  var.  rhynchophylla;  F.  dumosa;  F.  elonza;  F. 
glabra;  F.  holotricha;  F.  Hookeri;  *F.  Lowellii;  F.  Mariesii;  F.  obliqua; 
F.  obovata;  F.  oxycarpa;  F.  parvifolia;  F.  parvifolia  var.  monophylla;  F. 
parvifolia  var.  nana;  F.  Paxiana;  F.  platypoda;  F.  potamophila;  *F. 
profunda;  F.  pubinervis;  F.  Regelii;  F.  retusa  var.  Henry i;  F.  rotundi- 
folia;  F.  rotundifolia  var.  pendula;  F.  Spaethiana;  F.  tamariscifolia; 
*F.  texensis;  F.  velutina  var.  coriacea;  F.  velutina  var.  glabra;  F. 
Veltheimii;  F.  Willdenowiana;  F.  xanthoxyloides. 

*Gaultheriaadenothrix;  *G.  cuneata;  *G.  moupinensis;  G.  Veitchiana. 

Genista  radiata. 

*Gleditsia  horrida;  G.  macracantha;  G.  sinensis;  *XG.  texana. 

Glycyrrhiza  suffrutescens;  G.  uralensis. 

Gordonia  axillaris. 

Grewia  parviflora;  *G.  parviflora  var.  glabrescens. 

Gymnocladus  chinensis. 

*Hamamelis  incarnata;  H.  japonica;  H.  japonica  var.  arborea;  H.mollis; 
*H.  vernalis;  *H.  virginiana  var.  rubescens. 

Hedysarum  multijugum. 

*Helwingia  chinensis;  H.  japonica. 

Hemiptelea  Davidii. 

*Holboellia  coriacea;   *H.  grandiflora. 

Hydrangea  anomala;  H.  arborescens  var.  urticifolia;  H.  Bretschneideri; 
*H.  Bretschneideri  var.  setchuenensis;  *H.  Davidii;  H.  hirta;  H.  involu- 
crata;  H.  longipes;  H.  opuloides  var.  cyanoclada;  H.  opuloides  var.  ser- 
rata;  H.  Rosthornii;  *H.  Sargentiana;  H.  strigosa;  H.  strigosa  var. 
macrophylla;  *H.  villosa;  H.  xanthoneura;  H.  xanthoneura  var.  glabres- 
cens; *H.  xanthoneura  var.  Wilsonii. 

*Hypericum  aureum;  *H.  Buckleyi;  *H.  galioides;  H.  patulum  var. 
Henryi. 

*Idesia  polycarpa  var.  vestita. 

Ilex  aquifolium  var.  chinensis;  *I.  ciliospinosa;  I.  corallina;  I.  crenata 
var.  munmularia;  I.  decidua;  I.  Fargesii;  I.  fragilis;  *I.  Franchetiana; 
*I.  geniculata;  I.  integra;  I.  leucoclada;  I.  longipes;  *I.  macrocarpa; 
*I.  monticola;  *I.opaca  var.  xanthocarpa;  *I.pedunculosa;  I.  pedunculosa 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       153 

f.  continentalis;  I.  Pernyi;  I.  Pernyi  var.  Veitchii;  I.  purpurea  var.  Old- 
hamii;  *I.  rugosa;  I.  serrata;  *I.  serrata  var.  argutidens;  *I.  Sugerokii; 
*I.  szechwanensis;  *I.  verticillata  var.  chrysocarpa;  I.  yunnanensis. 

*Indigofera  amblyantha;  I.  decora;  I.  hebepetala;  I.  Kirilowii;  *I. 
Potaninii. 

Itea  ilicifolia. 

Jasminum  Beesianum;  J.  lanceolarium ;  J.  urophyllum. 

Juglans  boliviensis;  J.  cathayensis;  *J.  formosana;  XJ.  intermedia; 
J.  regia  var.  sinensis;  J.  rupestris;  J.  Sieboldiana  var.  cordiformis. 

*Juniperus  chinensis  var.  Sargentii;  *J.  communis  var.  Jackii;  *J. 
communis  var.  nipponica;  *J.  conferta;  J.  formosana;  *J.  Pinchotii; 
J.  rigida;  *J.  scopulorum;  J.  squamata  var.  Fargesii;  *J.  squamata  var. 
Wilsonii;  *J.  taxifolia. 

Kalmia  caroliniana;  K.  cuneata;  *K.  hirsuta;  *K.  latifolia  var.  obtus- 
ata;  *K.  latifolia  f.  polypetala. 

Koelreuteria  apiculata. 

Kolkwitzia  amabilis. 

Laburnum  caramanicum. 

Larix  dahuriea;  L.  dahurica  var.  japonica;  *L.  dahurica  var.  Principis 
Rupprechtii;  XL.  eurolepis;  *L.  Kaempferi  var.  minor;  *L.  Lyallii;  *L. 
Mastersiana;  *L.  occidentalis;  XL.  pendula;  L.  Potaninii;  L.  sibirica. 

Leptodermis  oblonga. 

*Lespedeza  Buergeri;  *L.  Buergeri  var.  praecox;  L.  cyrtobotrya. 

*Leucothoe  Gray  ana;  *L.  Keiskei;  *L.  recurva. 

"Ligustrum  acuminatum;  L.  acuminatum  var.  macrocarpum;  Ligus- 
trum  acutissimum;  L.  Delavayanum;  L.  Henryi;  L.  Quihoui. 

Liquidambar  formosana;   *L.  formosana  var.  monticola. 

Liriodendron  chinense;  L.  Tulipifera  var.  fastigiatum. 

Lithocarpus  cleistocarpa;  L.  Henryi. 

Lonicera  alseuosmoides;  L.  Altmannii  L.  Altmannii  var.  hirtipes;  L. 
Altmannii  var.  pilosiuscula;  L.  angustifolia;  L.  arborea  var.  persica;  L. 
arizonica;  L.  bella;  L.  bracteolaris;  L.  chaetocarpa;  L.  Chamissoi;  *L. 
demissa;  L.  deflexicalyx;  L.  discolor;  *L.  Ferdinandii;  L.  Ferdinandii  var. 
leycesterioides;  L.  Giraldii;  L.  gynochlamydea;  L.  Henryi;  *L.  hetero- 
loba;  L.  hispida;  L.  involucrata  var.  flavescens;  L.  involucrata  var. 
humilis;  L.  involucrata  var.  serotina;  L.  Koehneana;  *L.  Korolkovii;  L. 
Korolkovii  var.  floribunda;  L.  lanceolata;  L.  Maackii;  L.  Maackii  var. 
podocarpa;  *L.  Maackii  var.  podocarpa  f.  erubescens;  L.  Maximowiczii; 
*L.  Maximowiczii  var.  sachalinensis;  L.  microphylla;  L.  minutiflora;  L. 
Morrowii;  *L.  moupinensis;  *XL.  muendeniensis;  *XL.  nausea viensis; 
L.  myrtilloides;  L.  Myrtillus;  L.  nervosa;  *L.  nitida;  *L.  notha;  L. 
pileata;  *L.  praeflorens;  L.  prostrata;  L.  purpurascens;  L.  pyrenaica; 
L.  quinquelocularis;  L.  rupicola;  L.  Ruprechtiana  var.  calvescens;  *L. 
Ruprechtiana  var.  xanthocarpa;  L.  saccata;  *L.  Schneideriana;  L. 
Semenovii;  L.  similis  var.  Delavayi;  L.  spinosa  var.  Alberti;  L.  Standishii 


154  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  m 

var.  lancifolia;  *L.  strophiophora;  *L.  subaequalis;  *L.  subdentata;  L. 
syringantha;  L.  syringantha  var.  Wolfii;  *L.  szechuanica;  L.  tangutica; 
*L.  tatsienensis ;  *L.  tenuipes;  L.  thibetica;  L.  tomentella;  L.  trago- 
phylla;  L.  trichosantha;  L.  utahensis;  L.  Vilmorinii;  L.  Webbiana;  L. 
xerocalyx;  L.  xylosteoides. 

*Lysionotus  pauciflorus. 

*Maackia  amurensis  var.  Buergeri;  *M.  chinensis;  *M.  Fauriei; 
M.  Tashiroi. 

Maddenia  hypoleuca;  *M.  Wilsonii. 

*Magnolia  Dawsoniana;  M.  denudata  var.  purpurascens;  *M.  kobus 
var.  borealis;  *M.  Nicholsoniana;  M.  officinalis;  *M.  parviflora  (Korean 
form);  *M.  salicifolia;  *M.  Sargentiana;  *M.  Sargentiana  var.  robusta; 
M.  Wilsonii. 

*Malus  baccata  f.  Jackii;  M.  baccata  var.  mandshurica;  *M.  bracte- 
ata;  *M.  coronaria  var.  Charlottae;  *M.  coronaria  var.  elongata;  XM. 
Eleyi;  M.  florentina;  M.  floribunda  var.  brevipes;  *M.  formosana;  *M. 
glabrata;  *M.  ioensis  var.  Bushii;  *M.  ioensis  var.  Palmeri;  *M.  kan- 
suensis;  *M.  kansuensis  var.  calva;  *M.  Komarovii;  *M.  lancifolia;  XM. 
magdeburgensis ;  M.  micromalus;  M.  Prattii;  M.  prunifolia  var.  rinki;  *M. 
prunifolia  var.  rinki  (cult.  Korea);  M.  pumila  var.  Niedzwitzkyana;  M. 
robusta  var.  persicifolia;  *M.  Sargentii;  M.  Sieboldii;  *M.  Sieboldii  var. 
arborescens;  *M.  Sieboldii  var.  calocarpa;  M.  sikkimensis;  *M.  spontanea; 
XM.  sublobata;  M.  theifera;  M.  theifera  f.  rosea;  *M.  toringoides;  *M. 
transitoria;  M.  trilobata;  *M.  Tschonoskii;  M.  yunnanensis;  M.  zumi. 

*Meliosma  Beaniana;  M.  cuneifolia;  M.  myriantha;  *M.  pendens; 
*M.  tenuis;  M.  Veitchiorum. 

*Menziesia  ciliicalyx;  *M.  multiflora;  M.  pentandra;  *M.  purpurea. 

Morus  acidosa;   *M.  cathayana;   M.  mongolica;   *M.  notabilis. 

*Neillia  longiracemosa;    N.  sinensis;    *N.  thibetica. 

Nothopanax  Davidii. 

Orixa  japonica. 

Osmanthus  armatus;   *O.  serrulatus. 

*Osteomeles  Schwerinae  var.  microphylla. 

Ostrya  carpinifolia;   *O.  japonica;   *O.  Knowltonii. 

Ostryopsis  Davidiana. 

Pachystima  myrsinites. 

Paederia  tomentosa. 

Paeonia  Delavayi;  *P.  Delavayi  var.  angustiloba;  *P.  suffruticosa 
(wild  form). 

Parrotiopsis  Jacquemontiana. 

Parthenocissus  Henry  ana;  P.  himalayana;  *P.  himalayana  var.  rubri- 
folia;  *P.  laetevirens;  P.  Thomsonii. 

*Paulownia  Mikado;   *P.  tomentosa  var.  lanata. 

*Pentactina  rupicola. 

*Pentapanax  Henryi. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       155 

*Periploca  sepium. 

Petrophytum  caespitosum. 

Phellodendron  amurense;  P.  chinense;  P.  Lavalleii;   *P.  sachalinense. 

*Philadelphus  argyrocalyx;  P.  Delavayanus;  P.  incanus;  P.  Magda- 
lenae;  *P.  microphyllus;  P.  pekinensis;  P.  pekinensis  var.  brachybotrys; 
P.  purpurascens;  *P.  sericanthus  var.  Rehderianus;  *P.  serpyllifolius;  P. 
Schrenkii  var.  Jackii;  P.  subcanus;  P.  tenuifolius. 

Photinia  Beauverdiana  var.  notabilis ;  *P.  Davidsoniae ;  *P.  subumbel- 
lata;  P.  villosa  var.  laevis;  P.  villosa  var.  sinica. 

Phyllodoce  glanduliflora;  *P.  nipponica. 

Picea  Abies  var.  aclada;  P.  Abies  var.  conica  elegans;  P.  Abies  var. 
decumbens;  P.  Abies  var.  dumosa;  P.  Abies  var.  elegans;  P.  Abies  var. 
nidiformis;  P.  Abies  var.  pachyphylla;  P.  Abies  var.  prostrata;  P.  Abies 
var.  pygmaea  globosa;  P.  Abies  var.  pyramidalis  compacta;  P.  Abies  var. 
pyriformis;  P.  Abies,  var.  repens;  *P.  ascendens;  *P.  asperata;  *P. 
asperata  var.  notabilis;  *P.  asperata  var.  ponderosa;  *P.  aurantiaca;  *P. 
Balfouriana;  *P.  Breweriana;  P.  complanata;  *P.  Engelmannii;  *P. 
glauca  var.  albertiana  f.  conica;  P.  glauca  var.  compacta  globosa;  P. 
glauca  var.  nana;  P.  Glehnii;  *P.  heterolepis;  *P.  koraiensis;  *P.  Koya- 
mai;  *P.  Meyeri;  *P.  montigena;  *P.  morrisonicola;  P.  omorika;  *P. 
pungens  var.  compacta;  *P.  purpurea;  *P.  retroflexa;  P.  rubra  var. 
virgata;  *P.  Sargentiana;  P.  Watsoniana;  *P.  Wilsonii. 

Picrasma  quassioides. 

*Pieris  nana;   P.  ovalifolia  var.  lanceolata;    *P.  taiwanensis. 

*Pilostegia  viburnoides. 

Pinus  Armandi;  P.  echinata;  P.  leucodermis;  P.  peuke;  P.  pumila; 
P.  sinensis;  *P.  sinensis  var.  densata;  *P.  sinensis  var.  yunnanensis;  P. 
Strobus  var.  fastigiata;  *P.  Strobus  var.  prostrata. 

Piptanthus  concolor. 

*Pittosporum  daphniphylloides;  P.  glabratum;  *P.  heterophyllum; 
P.  truncatum. 

Platanus  Wrightii. 

Platycarya  strobilacea. 

Poliothyrsis  sinensis. 

Polygonum  multiflorum. 

*Populus  adenopoda;  *XP.  Andrewsii;  X  P.  generosa;  *P.  koreana; 
P.  lasiocarpa;  *P.  Palmeri;  P.  Petrowskiana;  P.  Sieboldii;  *P.  szechu- 
anica;  P.  tomentosa;  *P.  tremula  var.  Davidiana;  *P.  tremula  var.  David- 
iana  f.  tomentella;  *P.  Wilsonii. 

*Potentilla  fruticosa  var.  albicans,  *P.  fruticosa  var.  parvifolia;  P. 
fruticosa  var.  Purdomii;  P.  fruticosa  var.  tenuifolia;  P.  fruticosa  var. 
Veitchii;  P.  Vilmoriniana. 

Prinsepia  sinensis;    *P.  uniflora. 

*Prunus  alabamensis;  *P.  alleghaniensis;  *P.  alleghaniensis  var. 
Davisii;  XP.  amygdalo-persica;  P.  apetala;  P.  armeniaca  var.  mikado; 


156  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

*P.  australis;  P.  baldschuanica;  *P.  bicolor;  *P.  brachypoda  var.  pseu- 
dossiori;  P.  Buergeriana;  P.  campanulata;  P.  canescens  P.  cerasifera 
var.  divaricata;  P.  concinna;  *P.  Conradinae;  *P.  Cuthbertii;  *P. 
cyclamina;  P.  dasycarpa;  P.  dasycarpa  var.  salicifolia;  P.  Davidiana;  *P. 
dehiscens;  *P.  Dielsiana;  *P.  discadenia;  P.  emarginata;  *P.  glyptocarya; 
*P.  gracilis;  *P.  Gravesii;  *P.  hortulana  var.  pubens;  P.  humilis;  P. 
incana;  P.  incisa;  *P.  incisaf.  serrata;  P.  Jacquemontii;  *P.  japonica  var. 
Nakaii;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  albida;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  benitoranowo;  P.  Lan- 
nesiana  f.  botanzakura;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  chosiuhizakura;  P.  Lannesiana 
f.  fudanzakura;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  fukurokuju;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  gijozakura; 
P.  Lannesiana  f.  gozanomanioi;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  hatazakura;  P.  Lannesi- 
ana f.  higurashi;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  horaisan;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  jonioi;  P. 
Lannesiana  f.  kokesimidsu ;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  mazakura;  P.  Lannesiana 
f.  mikurumakaisi ;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  miyako;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  ohsibayama; 
P.  Lannesiana  f.  sobanzakura;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  sumizome;  P.  Lannesiana 
f.  surugadainioi;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  takinioi;  P.  Lannesiana  f.  temari;  P. 
Lannesiana  f.  yedozakura;  P.  Laucheana;  P.  Laurocerasus  var.  schip- 
kaensis;  *P.  lobulata;  P.  Maackii;  *P.  malifolia;  *P.  Maximowiczii; 
*P.  mexicana;  *P.  mexicana  var.  fultonensis;  P.  niicrocarpa;  *P.  micro- 
meloides;  *P.  mira;  P.  emarginata  var.  mollis;  P.  nana;  P.  nana  var. 
caucasica;  P.  nana  var.  transcaucasica;  P.  nipponica;  P.  nipponica  var. 
kurilensis;  *P.  orthosepala;  P.  Padus  var.  Albertii;  P.  Padus  var.  com- 
mutata;  P.  Padus  var.  heterophylla;  P.  Padus  var.  parviflora;  P.  Padus 
var.  sibirica;  *P.  perulata;  P.  Petunikovii;  *P.  pilosiuscula  var.  barbata; 
*P.  pilosiuscula  var.  media;  *P.  pleiocerasus;  *P.  pleuroptera;  *P. 
plurinervis;  *P.  polytricha;  P.  prostrata;  *P.  pubigera  var.  obovata;  *P. 
pubigera  var.  Prattii;  *P.  Reverchonii;  P.  rufomicans;  P.  salicina  (wild 
form);  *P.  serrula  var.  tibetica;  P.  serrulata  var.  pubescens;  P.  serrulata 
var.  pubescens  f.  meigetsu;  P.  serrulata  var.  pubescens  f.  taizanfukun;  P. 
serrulata  f.  rosea;  *P.  serrulata  var.  sachalinensis;  P.  serrulata  var. 
sachalinensis  f.  horinji;  P.  serrulata  var.  sachalinensis  f.  kokonaye;  P. 
serrulata  var.  sachalinensis  f.  ohnanden;  P.  serrulata  var.  sachalinensis  f. 
sekiyama;  P.  serrulata  var.  sachalinensis  f.  shogetsu;  P.  serrulata  var. 
sachalinensis  f.  udzuzakura;  P.  serrulata  var.  spontanea;  P.  serrulata  var. 
spontaneaf.  kosioyama;  P.  serrulata  var.  spontanea  f.  praecox;  P.  sibirica; 
P.  Sieboldii  f.  yokihi;  P.  Ssiori;  *P.  stellipila;  *P.  subhirtella;  *P.  sub- 
hirtella  var.  ascendens;  *P.  tatsienensis  var.  stenadenia;  P.  tomentosa; 
P.  tomentosa  var.  endotricha;  P.  triloba  var.  normalis;  *P.  variabilis; 
*P.  venosa;  *P.  virens;  P.  virginiana  var.  demissa  f.  pachyrrachis;  P. 
virginiana  var.  leucocarpa;  *P.  Watsonii;  P.  Wilsonii  var.  leiobotrys;  P. 
yedoensis. 

Pseudotsuga  japonica. 

*Ptelea  Baldwinii;   *P.  isophylla;  P.  polyadenia. 

Pterocarya  hupehensis;  P.  Paliurus;  P.  rhoifolia. 

Pteroceltis  Tatarinowii. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRSTY  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM     157 

Pterostyrax  corymbosum;  P.  hispidum. 

*Pyracantha  Gibbsii;  P.  Koidzumii. 

Pyrus  amygdalif ormis ;  P.  amygdaliformis  var.  oblongifolia;  P.  Bal- 
ansae;  P.  betulaefolia;  P.  Bretschneideri;  *P.  Calleryana;  *P.  Calleryana 
var.  dimorphophylla;  *P.  Calleryana  var.  Fauriei;  *P.  Calleryana  var. 
tomentella;  P.  communis  var.  cordata;  P.  communis  var.  cotinifolia;  P. 
communis  var.  f ascicularis ;  P.  communis  var.  pyraster;  *P.  Kawakamii; 
P.  Korshinskyi;  P.  Michauxii;  P.  pashia;  P.  persica;  P.  phaeocarpa;  P. 
phaeocarpa  var.  globosa;  P.  Pyrainus;  P.  serotina;  *P.  serrulata;  P. 
ussuriensis;  *P.  ussuriensis  var.  hondoensis;  P.  ussuriensis  var.  ovoidea. 

*Quercus  aliena;  *Q.  aliena  var.  acuteserrata;  *Q.  aliena  var.  acute- 
serrata  f.  calvescens;  Q.  aquifolioides  var.  rufescens;  *Q.  arkansana;  Q. 
Baronii;  XQuercus  Bebbiana;  *Q.  ellipsoidalis;  *Q.  Engleriana;  Q. 
Gambelii;  Q.  Gilliana;  Q.  glandulifera;  *Q.  glauca  var.  gracilis;  XQ. 
guadalupensis ;  Q.  Gunnisonii;  *Q.  Havardii;  *XQ.  Jackii;  *Q.  Laceyi; 
*XQ.  Leana;  *Q.  leptophylla;  *Q.  liaotungensis;  Q.  libani  var.  angusti- 
folia;  Q.  lyrata;  Q.  macedonica;  Q.  macranthera;  *Q.  mongolica;  *Q. 
mongolica  var.  grosseserrata;  *Q.  Muehlenbergii  var.  Brayi;  *Q.  nigra 
var.  tridentifera  f .  microcarya;  *Q.  nitescens;  Q.  oxyodon;  *Q.  pachyloma; 
*X  Q.  Rehderi;  Q.  pontica;  *XQ.  Robbinsii;  Q.  robur  var.  pectinata; 
*Q.  rubra  var.  pagodaefolia;  *XQ.  runcinata;  Q.  semicarpifolia;  Q. 
serrata;  Q.  serratifolia;  Q.  sessiliflora  var.  insecata;  Q.  sessiliflora  var. 
Louettei;  *Q.  Shumardii;  *Q.  Shumardii  var.  Schneckii;  *Q.  stellata  var. 
Boyntonii;  XQ.  subfalcata  var.  microcarpa;  Q.  toza;  *Q.  undulata;  *Q. 
utahensis;  *Q.  utaliensis  var.  submollis;  Q.  variabilis;  *Q.  velutina  var. 
missouriensis. 

*Reevesia  pubescens. 

Rhamnella  franguloides. 

Rhamnus  costata;  R.  crenata;  *R.  dumetorum;  *R.  dumetorum  var. 
crenoserrata;  R.  fallax;  *R.  heterophylla;  *R.  hupehensis;  *R.  koraiensis; 
*R.  leptacantha;  R.  leptophylla;  *R.  Leveilleana;  R.  nipponica;  *R. 
paniculiflora;  R.  parviflora;  *R.  Rosthornii;  *R.  Sargentiana;  *R. 
Schneideri;  R.  utilis;  R.  virgata. 

*Rhododendron  alabamense;  *R.  Albrechtii;  R.  ambiguum;  *R. 
Amesiae;  R.  argyrophyllum;  R.  argyrophyllum  var.  cupulare;  R.  Augus- 
tinii;  *R.  austrinum;  *R.  bracteatum;  R.  calophytum;  *R.  Chapmanii; 
R.  concinnum;  *R.  Davidsonianum;  R.  decorum;  R.  discolor;  *R. 
Edgarianum;  R.  Faberi;  R.  Fargesii;  R.  flavidum;  *R.  floribundum;  R. 
Fortune!  var.  Houlstonii;  *R.  galacteum;  *R.  Hanceanum;  *R.  Hunne- 
wellianum;  R.  hypoglaucum;  R.  indicum;  *R.  insigne;  R.  intricatum; 
R.  japonicum;  *R.  japonicum  f.  aureum;  *R.  Keiskei;  R.  linearifolium 
var.  macrosepalum ;  R.  longesquamatum;  *R.  longistylum;  R.  lutescens; 
R.  maculiferum;  R.  Mariesii;  *R.  Metternichii;  R.  micranthum;  *R. 
Morii;  *R.  moupinense;  R.  mucronulatum;  R.  mucronatum  f.  sekidera; 
*R.  mucronulatum  var.  ciliatum;  *R.  nipponicum;  *R.  obtusum  var. 


158 


JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 


[VOL.  m 


japonicum;  *R.  obtusum  var.  Kaempferi;  *R.  obtusum  var.  Kaempferi  f. 
multicolor;  R.  Oldhami;  R.  orbiculare;  R.  oreodoxa;  R.  pachytrichum; 
*R.  phoenicium  var.  tebotan;  R.  pittosporaefolium;  R.  polylepis;  *R. 
prunifolium;  R.  Przewalskii;  *R.  pseudochrysanthum;  R.  reticulatum; 
*R.  rubropilosum;  *R.  Sargentianum;  R.  scabrum;  R.  Schlippenbachii; 
*R.  Searsiae;  *R.  semibarbatum;  *R.  serrulatum;  R.  Smirnovii;  R. 
Souliei;  *R.  stamineum;  *R.  strigillosum;  R.  sutchuenense;  R.  taliense; 
*R.  Thayerianum;  *R.  tosaense;  T.  Tschonoskii;  R.  Ungerni;  *R.  vio- 
laceum;  R.  Wasonii;  R.  Watsonii;  *R.  Websterianum;  *R.  Weldianum; 
*R.  Weyrichii;  *R.  Williamsianum;  R.  yanthinum;  *R.  yedoense  var. 
poukhanense. 

KURUME  AZALEAS 

Rhododendron  obtusum  var.  japonicum  f. 


"Agemaki" 

"Aioi" 

"Asagasumi" 

"Aya  Kammuri" 

"  Azuma  Kagami " 

"Benifude" 

"Bijinsui" 

"Fudesute  Yama" 

"GoshoZakura" 

"HachikaTsugi" 

"HanaAsobi" 

"ftinodeNoTaka" 

"Ho5" 

"ImaShSjo" 

"Irohayama" 

"Kasane  Kagaribi" 

"Kasumi  Gaseki" 

"KatsuraNoHana" 

"  Kimigayo  " 

"Kirin" 

"Kiritsubo" 

"KumoNoUye" 

"KuraiNoHimo" 

"KurenoYuki" 

"NaniWagata" 


"Oino  Mezame" 

"Omoine" 

"Osaraku" 

"Osaraku  Seedling" 

"Otome" 

"Rasho  Mon" 

"Sakura  Tsukasa" 

"Saotome" 

"Seikai" 

"ShinSeikai" 

"ShinUtena" 

"Shintoki  No  Hagasane" 

"Suetsumu" 

"SugaNoIto" 

"Suiyohi" 

"Takasago" 

"TamaNoUtena" 

"Tamafuyo" 

"Tancho" 

"Tsuta  Momiji" 

"Ukamuse" 

"WakaKayede" 

"Yayehiryu" 

"Yorozuyo" 


Rhus  Potaninii;  R.  punjabensis  var.  sinica;  *R.  sylvestris;  *R.  tri- 
chocarpa;  *R.  trilobata;  R.  verniciflua. 

Ribes  aciculare;  R.  alpestre;  *R.  alpestre  var.  giganteum;  R.  alpinum 
var.  pumilum;  *R.  ambiguum;  R.  burejense;  *R.  cognatum;  R.  dikuscha 
var.  appendiculatum ;  R.  f asciculatum ;  R.  fasciculatum  var.  chinense; 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       159 

X  R.  fuscescens;  R.  Giraldii;  R.  glaciale;  *R.  glaciale  var.  angustisepala; 
R.  grossularioides ;  *R.  Henryi;  R.  heterotrichum;  *R.  himalayense  var. 
atropurpureum ;  R.  himalayense  var.  urceolatum;  *R.  japonicum;  *R. 
laurif olium ;  R.  laxiflorum;  R.  leptanthum;  R.  longeracemosum;  *R. 
longeracemosum  var.  Wilsonii;  R.  luridum;  *R.  magellanicum;  R.  mand- 
shuricum  var.  subglabrum;  R.  Maximowiczii;  *R.  mescalerium;  R. 
Meyeri  var.  turkestanicum ;  R.  montigenum;  R.  moupinense;  *R.  moupi- 
nense  var.  laxiflorum;  R.  orientale;  *R.  parvulum;  *R.  petiolare;  R. 
petraeum;  R.  petraeum  var.  altissimum;  R.  petraeum  var.  Biebersteinii; 
*R.  pinetorum;  *R.  Pringlei;  R.  procumbens;  R.  saxatile;  R.Spaethianum; 
R.  stenocarpum;  XR.  succimbrum;  R.  tenue;  Ribes  tricuspe;  R.  ussuri- 
ense;  R.  Vilmorinii;  *R.  viscosissimum. 

Robinia  Hartwigii;   *R.  neomexicana. 

*Rosa  adenosepala;  R.  amblyotis;  *R.  Bakeri;  R.  banksiopsis;  *R. 
bella;  *R.  bella  var.  pallens;  R.  caudata;  R.  corymbulosa;  R.  Davidii; 
R.  Davidii  var.  elongata;  R.  Ecae;  *R.  filipes;  R.  foliolosa;  R.  Gentiliana; 
R.  Giraldii  var.  venulosa;  *R.  glomerata;  R.  Helenae;  R.  Hugonis;  R. 
jaluana;  *R.  koreana;  R.  longicuspis;  *R.  Lyonii  var.  alba;  *R.  Mc- 
Dougalii;  *R.  Macounii;  *R.  Maximowicziana  var.  Jackii;  *R.  Maximo- 
wicziana  var.  pilosa;  R.  Moyesii;  R.  Moyesii  f.  rosea;  R.  multibracteata; 
R.  multiflora;  *R.  multiflora  var.  cathayensis;  *R.  Murielae;  R.  omeiensis; 
*R.  omeiensis  var.  chrysocarpa;  R.  omeiensis  f.  pteracantha;  *R.  Palmeri; 
R.  persetosa;  *R.  Prattii;  *R.  pyrifera;  R.  Roxburghii  var.  hirtula; 
R.  Roxburghii  var.  normalis;  R.  Rubus;  R.  saturata;  R.  sertata;  R.  seti- 
poda;  *R.  Spaldingii;  R.  spinosissima  var.  altaica;  R.  spinosissima 
"Doininic  Sampson";  R.  spinosissima  "Iris";  R.  spinosissima  "Jupiter"; 
R.  spinosissima  "King  of  the  Scots";  R.  spinosissima  "Plato";  R.  spino- 
sissima var.  pusilla;  R.  spinosissima  "Pythagoras";  *R.  stellata  var. 
mirifica;  R.  subserrulata;  *R.  suffulata;  R.  Sweginzowii;  R.  tuschetica; 
*R.  ultramontana;  R.  Wichuraiana;  R.  Willmottiae. 

Rubus  adenophorus;  *R.  amabilis;  *R.  amnicolus;  R.  Andrewsianus; 
R.  arcticus;  *R.  arundelanus;  R.  aurantiacus;  *R.  biflorus  var.  quinque- 
florus;  *R.  biformispinus;  R.  caesius  var.  turkestanicus;  R.  chroosepalus; 
R.  corchorifolius;  R.  coreanus;  R.  crataegifolius;  R.  flagelliflorus;  *R. 
flosculosus;  R.  flosculosus  f.  parvifolius;  R.  Fockeanus;  R.  Gentilianus; 
R.  geophilus;  *R.  Giraldianus;  *R.  glandicaulis;  R.  Henryi;  R.  hupe- 
hensis;  R.  ichangensis;  R.  innominatus;  R.  innominatus  var.  Kuntzeanus; 
R.  inopertus;  R.  irenaeus;  *R.  Jeckylanus;  *R.  junceus;  R.  Koehneanus; 
R.  Lambertianus ;  *R.  lasiostylus  var.  dizygos;  R.  macilentus;  R.  melano- 
lasius;  R.  mesogaeus;  *R.  multiformis;  *XR.  neglectus;  *R.  orarius; 
R.  Parkeri;  R.  parvifolius;  *R.  peculiaris;  R.  platyphyllus;  R.  Play- 
fairianus;  *R.  plicatifolius;  R.  pungens;  *R.  recurvans;  *R.  recurvicau- 
lis;  *R.  recurvicaulis  var.  inarmatus;  R.  semierectus;  R.  setchuenensis; 
*R.  setosus;  *R.  spectabilis  var.  vernus;  *R.  tardatus;  R.  thibetanus;  R. 
trianthus;  *R.  tricolor;  R.  vicarius;  R.  xanthocarpus. 


160  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

*Sabia  latifolia;   *S.  Schumanniana. 

*Sageretia  pycnophylla. 

*Salix  Bockii;  *S.  cardiophylla;  *S.  cathayana;  *S.  eriocarpa;  *S. 
Fargesii;  *S.  Gilgiana;  *S.  hypoleuca;  *S.  jessoensis;  *S.  koreensis;  *S. 
macroblasta;  *S.  magnifica;  *S.  Matsudana;  *S.  moupinensis;  *S. 
phanera;  *S.  purpurea  var.  multinervis;  *S.  Rehderiana;  *S.  subfragilis; 
*S.  Wallichiana. 

Sambucus  canadensis  f.  maxima;  *S.  canadensis  var.  subtomentosa;  S. 
microbotrys;  S.  melanocarpa;  S.  racemosa  var.  Sieboldiana;  *S.  Schweri- 
niana. 

*Sapindus  Drummondii. 

Sarcococca  Hookeriana  var.  digyna;  S.  Hookeriana  var.  humilis; 
S.  ruscifolia. 

*Sargentodoxa  cuneata. 

*Sassafras  randaiensis;   S.  tzumu. 

Schizandra  chinensis;  *S.  glaucescens;  S.  grandiflora;  S.  Henryi;  S. 
nigra;  S.  propinqua  var.  sinensis;  *S.  rubriflora;  *S.  sphenanthera. 

Schizophragma  integrifolium;  S.  integrifolium  var.  molle. 

Securinega  fluggeoides;   S.  ramiflora. 

Sibiraea  laevigata  var.  angustata;  S.  tomentosa. 

*Sinofranchetia  chinensis. 

Sinomenium  acutum;  S.  acutum  var  cinereum. 

*Sinowilsonia  Henryi. 

*Smilax  discotis  var.  concolor;  *S.  longipes;  *S.  megalantha;  *S.  mem- 
sperm  oides;  *S.  scobinicaulis;  *S.  Sieboldii;  *S.  trachypoda;  *S.  vaginata. 

Solanum  Dulcamara  var.  chinense. 

*Sophora  affinis;  S.  japonica  var.  pyramidalis;  S.  japonica  var. 
pubescens;  *S.  japonica  var.  vestita;  S.  viciifolia. 

Sorbaria  Aitchisonii;  S.  arborea;  *S.  arborea  var.  glabrata;  *S.  arborea 
var.  subtomentosa;  S.  assurgens;  S.  stellipila. 

XSorbaronia  Dippelii;    XS.  fallax;    XS.  heterophylla. 

XSorbopyrus  auricularis;    XS.  auricularis  var.  bulbiformis. 

*Sorbus  alnifolia;  *S.  alnifolia  var.  lobulata;  *S.  alnifolia  var.  submol- 
lis;  S.  angustifolia;  S.  Aria  var.  Decaisneana;  S.  caloneura;  S.  chamae- 
mespilus;  S.  commixta;  *S.  commixta  var.  rufo-ferruginea;  *S.  Conradinae; 
S.  discolor;  *S.  Esserteauiana;  *S.  expansa;  S.  Folgneri;  S.  Folgneri  var. 
pendula;  S.  Hostii;  *S.  hupehensis  var.  aperta;  *S.  japonica  var.  calo- 
carpa;  *S.  Koehneana;  *S.  megalocarpa;  *S.  megalocarpa  var.  cuneata; 
*S.  meliosmifolia;  S.  Mougeotii;  *S.  multijuga;  *S.  multijuga  var.  micro- 
donta;  *S.  munda  f.  subarachnoidea;  *S.  munda  f.  tatsienensis ;  S.  occi- 
dentalis;  *S.  pallescens;  *S.  plantierensis;  S.  pohuashanensis;  *S.  ran- 
daiensis; *S.  Rehderiana;  S.  sambucifolia;  *S.  Sargentiana;  *S.  scalaris; 
S.  scopulina;  S.  serotina;  *S.  setschwanensis;  *S.  unguiculata;  S.  Vilmo- 
rinii;  S.  Wilsonii;  S.  Zahlbruckneri. 

Sphaeralcea  remota. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       161 

X Spiraea  arguta;  XS.  assimilis;  XS.  blanda;  S.  bullata;  S.  calcicola; 
S.  canescens;  S.  dahurica  var.  canescens;  S.  dasyantha;  XS.  Foxii;  S. 
gemmata;  S.  Henryi;  S.  japonica  var.  acuminata;  *S.  japonica  var. 
ovalifolia;  *S.  koreana;  S.  longigemmis;  S.  lucida;  XS.  macrostachya; 
XS.  Margaritae;  XS.  microthyrsa;  *S.  Miyabei  var.  glabrata;  *S.  molli- 
folia;  XS.  mollis;  XS.  multiflora;  S.  myrtilloides;  S.  nipponica;  XS. 
notha;  XS.  nudiflora;  *S.  obtusa;  XS.  oxyodon;  XS.  pachystachya; 
XS.  pikoviensis;  S.  prunifolia  var.  simpliciflora;  S.  pubescens;  *XS. 
pyramidata;  XS.  revirescens;  *S.  Rosthornii;  *S.  Sargentiana;  XS. 
Schinabeckii;  XS.  semperflorens ;  XS.  superba;  *S.  sylvestris;  XS. 
syringiflora;  *S.  trichocarpa;  XS.  tristis;  *S.  ulmifolia  (Korean  form); 
S.  vaccinifolia;  S.  Veitchii;  *S.  virginiana  var.  serrulata;  S.  Wilsonii. 

Spondias  axillaris. 

*Stachyurus  chinensis;  S.  praecox. 

*Staphylea  Bolanderi;  S.  holocarpa;  S.  holocarpa  var.  rosea. 

Stewartia  monadelpha. 

*Stranvaesia  Davidiana;  S.  Davidiana  var.  undulata. 

Styrax  Hemsleyanus;   *S.  Shiraiana;  *S.  Veitchiorum;   *S.  Wilsonii. 

Sycopsis  sinensis. 

XSymphoricarpos  Chenaultii;  *S.  oreophilus;  *S.  sinensis. 

*Syringa  affinis;  *S.  dilatata;  *S.  formosissima;  XS.  Henryi  var. 
eximia;  XS.  Henryi  var.  Lutece;  S.  Koehneana;  *S.  Komarowii;  *S. 
Komarowii  var.  Sargentiana;  *S.  microphylla;  *S.  Palibiniana;  *S.  pin- 
natifolia;  S.  reflexa;  *S.  Rehderiana;  S.  Sweginzowii;  S.  tomentella;  S. 
vulgaris  (wild  type) ;  S.  Wolfii. 

*Taiwania  cryptomerioides. 

Tapiscia  sinensis. 

Taxus  brevifolia  (from  Idaho  and  Montana) ;   *T.  chinensis. 

Tetracentron  sinense. 

*Tetrastigma  obtectum  var.  pilosum. 

*Thuja  koraiensis;  T.  plicata  (hardy  Idaho  form);  T.  plicata  var. 
nana. 

*Thujopsis  dolobrata  var.  Hondai. 

Tilia  caroliniana;  *T.  caroliniana  var.  rhoophila;  T.  floridana;  *T. 
insularis;  T.  intonsa;  *T.  Maximo wicziana;  T.  Miqueliana;  T.  Oliveri; 
T.  tuan;  *T.  tuan  var.  chinensis. 

*Triosteum  Fargesii. 

*Tripetaleia  bracteata;   *T.  paniculata. 

Tripterygium  Regelii. 

Trochodendron  aralioides. 

*Tsuga  caroliniana;  T.  chinensis;   *T.  yunnanensis. 

*Tsusiophyllum  Tanakae. 

Ulmus  Bergmanniana;  U.  foliacea  var.  umbraculifera;  *TJ.  japonica; 
U.  laciniata;  *U.  laciniata  var.  nikoensis;  U.  punaila  var.  pinnato-ramosa; 
*U.  serotina;  *U.  Wilsoniana. 


162 


JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 


[VOL.  m 


Vaccinium  Buergeri;  V.  ciliatum;  *V.  fragile;  *V.  hirsutum;  V.  hir- 
tum  var.  Smallii;  V.  japonicum;  V.  membranaceum;  *V.  moupinense; 
*V.  praestans;  V.  scoparium;  *V.  urceolatum. 

Viburnum  betulifolium;  V.  bitchuense;  *V.  bracteatum;  V.  buddlei- 
folium;  *V.  Canbyi;  *V.  cinnamomifolium;  V.  cylindricum;  *V.  dasyan- 
thum;  V.  Davidii;  V.  erosum;  *V.  erubescens  var.  Prattii;  V.  foetidum 
var.  rectangulum;  *V.  furcatum;  V.  Henryi;  V.  hupehense;  V.  ichangense; 
*V.  kansuense;  V.  lobophyllum;  *V.  lobophyllum  var.  flocculosum;  *V. 
molle;  V.  mongolicum;  V.  phlebotrichum;  V.  propinquum;  V.  rhytido- 
phyllum;  V.  Sargentii;  *V.  Sargentii  f.  flavum;  V.  shensianum;  V.  thei- 
ferum;  *V.  urceolatum;  V.  utile;  V.  Veitchii;  *V.  Wilsonii;  V.  Wrightii. 

Vitis  amurensis;  XV.  Baileyana;  V.  betulifolia;  V.  Coignetiae;  V. 
Davidii;  V.  Davidii  var.  cyanocarpa;  V.  flexuosa;  V.  flexuosa  var. 
parvifolia;  V.  pentagona;  *V.  pentagona  var.  bellula;  V.  Piasezkii;  V. 
pulchra;  V.  reticulata;  *V.  Thunbergii  var.  sinuata;  V.  vinifera  (form 
cultivated  at  Peking). 

Whipplea  modesta. 

*Xylosma  racemosum  var.  pubescens. 

Zanthoxylum  alatum  var.  planispinum;  Z.  Bungei;  Z.  dissitum;  *Z. 
Piasezkii;  Z.  piperitum;  Z.  setosum. 

The  following  hybrid  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  made  at  the  Arbore- 
tum or  have  appeared  in  it  spontaneously : 


Roses 


Arnoldiana 

Dawson 

Farquhar 

Ida 

Lady  Duncan 

Minnie  Dawson 


Aesculus  Harbisonii 

Cornus  arnoldiana 

Berberis  notabilis 

Betula  Jackii 

Forsythia  intermedia  var.  primulina 

Hypericum  arnoldianum 

Hypericum  Dawsonianum 

Hypericum  nothum 

Loniceraamoenavar.  arnoldiana 


Pauline  Dawson 

Jacksonii 

Sargent 

Seashell 

W.  C.  Egan 


Malus  arnoldiana 
Malus  Dawsoniana 
Prunus  arnoldiana 
Pterocarya  Rehderiana 
Pyrus  congesta 
Rhododendron  Anneliesae 
Rhod.  obtusum  v.  arnoldianum 
Sorbus  arnoldiana 
Viburnum  Jackii 


HAWTHORNS. 

During  the  last  twenty-three  years  special  attention  has  been  given  at 
the  Arboretum  to  the  study  and  cultivation  of  North  American  Hawthorns. 
Previous  to  1899  some  twenty  species  and  varieties  only  had  been  recog- 
nized by  botanists,  but  in  that  year  a  number  of  the  plants  raised  from 


1922]     SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       163 

seeds  collected  principally  in  Missouri  in  1880  flowered  and  produced  fruit, 
and  showed  characters  so  distinct  from  those  of  any  of  the  described  species 
that  a  critical  study  of  the  genus  as  it  appears  in  North  America  seemed 
desirable.  In  carrying  out  this  investigation  specimens  have  been  collected 
in  every  state  of  the  United  States  and  in  every  Province  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  and  4269  different  lots  of  seeds  have  been  planted  at  the  Arbore- 
tum and  some  two  hundred  thousand  plants  have  been  raised.  No  less 
than  1056  species  and  varieties  have  been  distinguished  by  botanists  in 
these  twenty-three  years  and  of  these  672  species  and  varieties  have  been 
described  by  the  Director  of  the  Arboretum. 

The  living  collection  of  these  trees  and  shrubs  which  are  often  conspicu- 
ous in  spring  and  autumn  from  the  beauty  and  abundance  of  their  flowers 
and  highly  colored  fruits  now  contains  seven  hundred  and  thirty-five  spe- 
cies and  varieties,  and  make  one  of  the  interesting  features  of  the  Arbore- 
tum. Thousands  of  these  plants  raised  at  the  Arboretum  have  been  dis- 
tributed in  this  country  and  Europe;  and  nearly  complete  collections  have 
been  established  in  the  parks  of  Rochester,  New  York,  and  in  England. 

THE  HERBARIUM 

The  necessity  of  a  collection  of  dried  plants  for  the  correct  determina- 
tion of  the  living  collections  and  for  successful  dendrological  studies  was 
felt  in  the  earliest  days  of  the  Arboretum,  but  it  was  not  until  1878  that  the 
beginning  of  an  herbarium  was  made.  In  that  year  Mr.  John  Robinson 
of  Salem  came  to  the  Arboretum  as  curator  of  the  proposed  herbarium  and 
began  to  gather  specimens  for  it.  Four  years  later  he  was  succeeded  as 
curator  by  Mr.  Charles  E.  Faxon  who  remained  in  general  charge  of  the 
herbarium  until  his  death  in  1918.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Alfred  Render 
who  is  now  the  curator.  The  herbarium,  which  is  confined  to  specimens 
of  trees,  shrubs  and  suffrutescent  plants,  now  contains  two  hundred  thou- 
sand sheets  and  a  large  number  of  fruits.  It  is  hoped  that  it  will  be 
extended  until  it  contains  a  representative  of  every  ligneous  plant  in  the 
world  from  the  Arctic  Circle  of  the  two  hemispheres  to  the  equator.  The 
divas  now  best  represented  in  the  herbarium  are  those  of  North  America 
and  eastern  Asia.  Plants,  however,  are  found  in  it  from  all  the  conti- 
nents, and  from  nearly  every  country,  and  the  only  regions  botanically  im- 
portant which  are  not  represented  are  Madagascar,  New  Caledonia  and 
New  Guinea. 

The  first  important  collections  of  North  American  plants  were  made  in 
1880  and  1881  by  the  Director  and  his  assistants  engaged  in  preparing  for 
the  general  government  a  report  on  the  forests  and  forest  wealth  of  the 
United  States.  The  study  of  North  American  trees  and  shrubs  begun 
forty  years  ago  has  been  steadily  continued  to  the  present  time,  and  large 
quantities  of  material  have  been  gathered  for  the  herbarium  in  every  part 
of  the  country  by  officers  of  the  Arboretum  and  collectors  employed  for  the 
purpose.  The  herbarium  received  its  first  Asiatic  plants  in  1892  when  the 


164  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

Director  brought  back  from  Japan  a  collection  of  about  one  thousand 
specimens.  It  was  later  enriched  by  the  specimens  collected  in  Japan, 
northern  China  and  Korea  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Jack  of  the  Arboretum  staff,  by 
Purdom,  Meyer,  Sargent  and  Hers  in  northern  China,  by  Henry  in  western 
China,  by  the  collections  of  E.  H.  Wilson  in  western  China,  Korea  and  the 
entire  Japanese  Empire  of  about  8500  specimens,  by  the  specimens  collected 
by  C.  Schneider  in  southwestern  China,  and  by  several  collections  of  the 
plants  of  the  Philippine  Islands  made  under  the  direction  of  the  Philippine 
Bureau  of  Science. 

The  herbarium  contains  several  collections  made  from  trees  and  shrubs 
cultivated  in  Europe.  The  most  important  of  them  were  made  by  Mr. 
George  Nicholson  in  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew,  by  Dr.  C.  Naudin  at  the 
Villa  Thuret  at  Antibes  in  France,  by  A.  Render  and  C.  Schneider  chiefly 
in  Germany,  and  by  H.  Zabel  of  Muenden,  Germany,  containing  the  types 
of  the  numerous  species,  varieties  and  hybrids  published  by  him. 

The  attempt  has  been  made  in  the  Arboretum  herbarium  to  show  in 
the  case  of  important  trees  the  varieties  and  range  of  the  species,  and  from 
one  hundred  to  three  hundred  sheets  are  occasionally  devoted  to  the  illus- 
tration of  a  single  species  and  its  varieties;  in  the  case  of  trees  like  Oaks 
and  Hickories  the  sheets  are  accompanied  by  many  bottles  of  nuts. 

The  Pinaceae  is  the  family  best  represented  in  the  Arboretum  her- 
barium. All  the  genera  and  all  the  species  of  this  Family  are  represented 
with  the  exception  of  six  Araucarias  from  New  Caledonia,  two  species  of 
Callitris  and  three  species  of  Agathis  from  northern  Australia,  one  Juniper 
from  San  Domingo  and  another  from  the  Azores.  Many  of  the  species  are 
represented  by  long  series  of  specimens  and  by  enough  cones  to  show  the 
range  of  their  variation. 

The  herbarium  contains  the  types  of  nearly  all  the  new  Chinese  species 
published  by  the  Arboretum  in  Plantae  Wilsonianae,  the  new  species  pub- 
lished in  Garden  and  Forest,  in  Trees  and  Shrubs,  and  in  the  Journal  of 
the  Arnold  Arboretum,  and  of  the  new  species  and  varieties  of  Crataegus, 
Carya,  Quercus,  Tilia,  Aesculus  and  other  genera  published  by  the  Director. 

In  its  early  years  the  office  of  the  Arboretum  and  the  herbarium  and 
Library  were  established  in  a  house  in  Brookline  controlled  by  the  Director, 
but  in  1892  Mr.  Horatio  Hollis  Hunnewell,  a  constant  and  devoted  friend 
to  the  Arboretum,  as  have  been  his  sons,  furnished  the  money  for  the 
brick  building  near  the  Jamaica  Plain  entrance,  and  late  in  that  year  the 
offices  for  administration,  the  herbarium  and  the  library  were  moved  into  it. 
This  building  also  contains  a  collection  of  specimens  of  the  wood  and  bark 
of  most  of  the  trees  of  the  United  States,  a  gift  with  the  cases  in  which  they 
are  arranged  of  the  late  Morris  K.  Jesup  of  New  York.  In  1905  a  fireproof 
four-storied  wing  was  added  to  the  Administration  Building  to  contain 
the  herbarium  which  is  now  arranged  in  steel  cases  extending  to  the  ceiling 
of  the  low-studded  and  well  lighted  rooms  conveniently  arranged  for  the 
study  of  the  specimens. 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       165 

THE  LIBRARY 

The  Library  of  the  Arboretum  now  contains  35,500  bound  volumes  and 
8000  pamphlets.  It  was  begun  in  1873  when  the  Director  bought  for  his 
own  use  a  few  books  needed  for  the  arrangement  of  the  future  Arboretum. 
This  small  library  was  gradually  increased  and  when  a  few  years  later  it 
was  determined  to  prepare  at  the  Arboretum  an  account  of  the  trees  of 
North  America  additional  works  on  dendrology  and  descriptive  botany 
essential  to  the  production  of  that  work  were  obtained  by  him.  In  1892 
the  six  thousand  volumes  which  had  by  that  time  been  accumulated  were 
presented  by  the  Director  to  the  University,  accommodations  for  a  library 
having  at  that  time  been  provided  by  the  Arboretum. 

The  Arboretum  Library  contains  the  books  in  all  editions  and  languages 
devoted  to  the  description  of  trees.  Its  collection  of  Floras  partly  devoted 
to  trees  and  monographs  of  genera  in  which  trees  and  shrubs  are  described, 
is  a  large  one.  The  collections  of  books  and  papers  descriptive  and  cul- 
tural of  various  groups  of  plants  like  Conifers,  Rosa,  Rhododendron,  Cra- 
taegus,  Quercus,  Salix,  etc.,  are  as  nearly  complete  as  it  has  been  possible  to 
make  them.  A  complete  collection  of  the  works  of  Linnaeus  is  found  in 
the  Library;  and  it  is  believed  that  outside  the  walls  of  the  British  Museum 
there  is  not  a  more  complete  collection  of  the  books  relating  to  plants  pub- 
lished in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries.  The  collection  of  books  of 
travel  in  which  occur  descriptions  of  trees  or  aspects  of  vegetation  is  a  large 
and  interesting  one  and  contains  a  few  rare  volumes.  Little  attention  has 
been  paid  to  books  relating  to  the  description  and  care  of  the  fruit  trees 
usually  cultivated  in  cold  countries,  for  such  works  on  pomology  are  found 
in  libraries  devoted  to  horticulture.  There  are,  however,  a  large  number  of 
books  relating  to  the  history  and  cultivation  of  trees  and  shrubs  valued  for 
special-  products  like  tea,  coffee,  cocoa,  oranges  and  their  allies,  cinchona, 
olives  and  the  mulberry  in  its  relation  to  the  manufacture  of  silk  as  it  has 
seemed  desirable  that  this  library  should  contain  all  books  relating  to 
woody  plants  with  the  exception  of  those  which  are  more  valuable  in  a 
purely  horticultural  library.  There  is  not  a  complete  collection  of  books 
on  forestry  in  the  Arboretum  library,  although  it  contains  much  that  has 
been  written  on  this  subject  especially  that  which  is  descriptive  of  the  early 
efforts  at  forest  management  in  the  United  States  and  Europe.  Only  a  few 
books  on  paleobotany,  vegetable  pathology,  physiology  and  entomology 
are  now  found  in  it.  Its  rapid  growth  in  directions  of  more  immediate 
importance  in  the  arrangement  and  study  of  the  collections  of  living  plants 
has  made  it  impossible  to  devote  to  these  subjects  the  attention  their 
importance  demands.  Such  books  will  in  time  find  a  place  in  the  library 
intended  to  furnish  the  best  possible  opportunity  for  the  study  of  trees. 
The  library  is  fortunate  in  the  possession  of  a  large  number  of  complete 
sets  of  rare  periodicals  including  two  hundred  which  are  now  discontinued; 
it  receives  regularly  the  numbers  of  three  hundred  serials  more  or  less  de- 
voted to  trees  and  their  cultivation. 


166  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

In  1904  Miss  Ethelyn  M.  Tucker  joined  the  staff  of  the  Arboretum  to 
assist  in  the  care  of  the  library  and  to  prepare  a  Catalogue  of  its  contents. 
In  1918  she  was  appointed  Librarian.  The  books  in  the  library  have  been 
systematically  arranged  by  her  under  the  system  usually  followed  in  Ameri- 
can libraries  and  are  fully  and  completely  catalogued.  When  Miss  Tucker 
began  in  1904  to  prepare  the  manuscript  for  a  printed  Catalogue  the  library 
contained  10,000  volumes;  when  the  first  volume  of  the  catalogue  was 
printed  in  1914  the  number  had  increased  to  30,000.  The  printed  catalogue 
is  contained  in  two  quarto  volumes.  The  first,  which  is  devoted  to  peri- 
odicals and  to  authors  and  titles,  contains  782  two-column  pages,  and  in 
the  second  volume,  which  appeared  in  1917  contains  542  two-column  pages, 
the  books  are  arranged  according  to  subjects. 

Early  in  the  formation  of  the  library  it  became  evident  that  to  build  up 
a  dendrological  library  and  to  carry  on  at  the  Arboretum  a  critical  study 
of  trees  and  other  woody  plants  more  information  about  the  literature  of 
trees  than  could  be  found  in  any  printed  bibliography  was  necessary.  To 
meet  this  difficulty  a  plan  was  carefully  worked  out  for  a  bibliography  to 
contain  a  reference  to  every  book,  every  magazine  article  and  every  paper 
in  the  Transactions  of  Learned  Societies  relating  to  trees  or  shrubs  in  all 
languages  published  before  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century.  This 
work  was  entrusted  to  Mr.  Alfred  Rehder,  at  that  time  assistant  in  the 
Herbarium,  who  began  work  on  it  in  March  1900,  and  devoted  his  time  to  it 
until  the  printing  of  the  last  volume  was  finished.  During  the  preparation 
of  this  book  Mr.  Rehder  visited  every  library  in  the  eastern  United  States 
in  which  botanical  or  horticultural  books  are  found,  and  during  two  visits 
in  Europe  extending  over  a  period  of  twenty-seven  months  studied  in 
the  botanical  libraries  of  Great  Britain,  France,  Spain,  Denmark,  Norway, 
Sweden,  Germany,  Austria,  Italy  and  Russia.  The  name  of  this  work  is 
the  Bradley  Bibliography  as  it  was  partly  paid  for  from  the  income  of  a 
gift  made  in  1897  to  the  Arboretum  by  Miss  Abby  A.  Bradley  of  Hingham 
as  a  memorial  to  her  father  William  Lambert  Bradley.  The  first  two  vol- 
umes devoted  to  an  enumeration  of  works  on  Dendrology,  were  issued 
in  1911,  and  in  1912.  Volume  iii.  devoted  to  Arboriculture  and  the 
Economic  Properties  of  Woody  Plants  appeared  in  1915;  volume  iv.  con- 
taining an  enumeration  of  works  on  Forestry,  in  1914,  and  the  fifth  and 
final  volume,  which  contains  the  Index  of  Authors  and  Titles  and  a 
subject  Index  of  the  whole  work,  in  1918.  The  five  volumes  of  the  Bradley 
Bibliography  contain  rather  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  titles  of 
books  and  papers  relating  to  trees  and  shrubs  printed  on  three  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-nine  two-column  quarto  pages. 

Other  works  prepared  in  the  Library  and  Herbarium  and  published  by 
the  Arboretum  are, — 

The  Pines  of  Mexico  (1909)  and  a  monograph  of  the  Genus  Pinus  (1914) 
by  Mr.  George  R.  Shaw;  The  Plantae  Wilsonianae  (in  3  vol.  1913-17), 
being  an  account  of  the  plants  collected  in  western  China  by  E.  H.  Wilson 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       167 

for  the  Arboretum;  The  Cherries  of  Japan  (1916)  by  Mr.  Wilson;  The 
Conifers  and  Taxads  of  Japan  (1916)  by  Mr.  Wilson;  A  Monograph  of 
Azaleas  by  Messrs.  Wilson  and  Render  (1921);  twelve  volumes  of  the 
Bulletin  of  Popular  Information  (1911-22);  the  first  three  volumes  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  (1919-22);  and  an  illustrated  Guide  to 
the  Arnold  Arboretum  (1911)  with  a  second  edition  in  1921. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  works  which  have  been  prepared  by  the 
Director  in  this  library  but  were  not  published  by  the  Arboretum :  Report 
on  the  Forests  of  North  America,  being  the  ninth  volume  of  the  Final 
Reports  of  the  Tenth  Census  of  the  United  States  (1884);  The  Woods  of 
the  United  States  with  an  account  of  their  structure,  qualities  and  uses 
(1885);  The  Silva  of  North  America  in  fourteen  volumes  with  seven  hun- 
dred and  forty  plates  (1891-1902);  Trees  and  Shrubs;  illustrations  of  new 
or  little  known  ligneous  plants,  prepared  chiefly  from  material  at  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  (1905-1913),  largely  by  officers  of  the  Arboretum.  The 
ten  volumes  of  Garden  and  Forest,  a  journal  of  horticulture,  landscape  art 
and  forestry  (1887-1897),  were  edited  in  the  Arboretum  library,  in  which 
Mr.  Alfred  Rehder  has  prepared  the  descriptions  of  a  large  part  of  the  trees 
and  shrubs  included  in  Bailey's  Cyclopedia  of  American  Horticulture  and 
in  the  second  edition  of  that  work,  The  Standard  Cyclopedia  of  Horti- 
culture. 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

The  Arboretum  collection  of  photographs  now  contains  nine  thousand 
six  hundred  pictures  of  trees  and  shrubs,  types  of  vegetation,  gardens  and 
scenery.  The  photographs  are  mounted  on  cards  11%  inches  long  and  9J^ 
inches  wide  and  are  arranged  systematically  in  steel  drawers.  The  two 
thousand  eight  hundred  pictures  made  by  Wilson  in  eastern  Asia  and 
Australasia  form  the  most  valuable  and  interesting  part  of;  this  collection. 
The  Arboretum  photographs  have  been  carefully  catalogued  by  Miss 
Tucker  and  can  be  easily  and  quickly  examined.  This  collection  proves 
to  be  an  important  and  useful  addition  to  both  the  Library  and  Herbarium. 

EDUCATION 

The  Arboretum  in  the  conception  of  its  managers  is  a  museum 
founded  and  carried  on  to  increase  the  knowledge  of  trees.  This  they  have 
endeavored  to  do  by  a  collection  of  living  plants  arranged  for  convenient 
examination  and  study,  by  the  distribution  of  surplus  material  obtained 
in  the  Arboretum  explorations,  and  by  the  publication  of  the  results  of  the 
dendrological  investigations  carried  on  in  its  laboratories.  That  they  have 
been  at  least  partly  successful  is  shown  by  the  standing  of  the  Arboretum 
in  the  estimation  of  the  men  in  different  countries  best  able  to  judge  of  its 
usefulness. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  instruction  at  the  Arboretum  to 


168  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  HI 

classes  of  University  undergraduates.  A  few  special  students,  often  in 
recent  years  from  China  and  Japan,  are  received  by  Professor  J.  G.  Jack 
who  for  many  years  now  has  given  field  lessons  during  the  spring  and 
autumn  months  among  the  collections  of  trees.  In  the  answers  to  the 
letters  which  come  to  the  Arboretum,  as  to  all  museums,  asking  for  infor- 
mation, help  and  instruction  are  freely  given. 

The  Arnold  Arboretum  is  not  a  School  of  Forestry  or  of  Landscape 
Gardening.  It  is  a  station  for  the  study  of  trees  as  individuals  in  their 
scientific  relations,  economic  properties  and  cultural  requirements  and 
possibilities.  On  the  information  gathered  in  museums  like  the  Arnold 
Arboretum  successful  silviculture  and  landscape  gardening  are  dependent, 
for  silviculture  is  the  cultivation  on  a  large  scale  of  the  trees  most  valuable 
in  a  particular  locality,  and  landscape  gardening  demands  a  knowledge 
of  the  individual  plants  which  can  be  naturally  associated  for  the  decoration 
of  parks  and  gardens. 

No  account  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  is  complete  without  mention  of 
two  remarkable  men  who  have  died  in  its  services. 

CHARLES  EDWARD  FAXON,  one  of  three  brothers  who  devoted  the  best 
part  of  their  lives  to  the  study  of  Natural  History,  was  born  in  1846  in 
Jamaica  Plain  where  he  died  in  1918.  As  a  boy  he  had  begun  to  study  the 
New  England  flora  and  to  show  his  ability  to  draw  by  his  copies  in  color  of 
Audubon's  pictures  of  birds.  Before  1870  he  had  made  most  of  the  colored 
drawings  to  illustrate  Eaton's  "Ferns  of  North  America";  and  from  1879 
to  1884  he  was  instructor  in  botany  at  the  Bussey  Institution.  In  1882 
when  the  plan  was  made  to  prepare  at  the  Arboretum  an  illustrated  work 
on  the  trees  of  North  America  Faxon  was  invited  to  make  the  drawings  for 
it.  At  this  time  he  took  charge  of  the  herbarium  and  library  which  he 
continued  to  manage  until  his  death.  His  knowledge  of  botany,  especially 
of  the  flora  of  eastern  North  America,  his  love  of  books  and  his  remarkable 
faculty  for  learning  foreign  languages  were  of  great  value  in  the  organiza- 
tion and  care  of  these  departments.  During  twenty-one  years  Faxon  was 
engaged  on  the  seven  hundred  and  forty-four  drawings  which  illustrate  the 
"  Silva  of  North  America,"  and  during  his  twenty-six  years  of  service  for 
the  Arboretum  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-four  of  his  drawings  of  plants 
were  published.  To  his  work  he  brought  enthusiasm,  industry,  good  taste, 
a  thorough  understanding  and  love  of  his  subjects,  an  unusually  skilful 
pencil,  and  skill  in  microscopic  analysis.  No  other  American  botanical 
artist  has  had  his  experience  and  industry,  and  no  one  has  contributed 
more  to  the  reputation  of  the  Arboretum  and  the  value  of  its  publications. 

JACKSON  T.  DAWSON  was  the  first  superintendent  of  the  Arboretum  and 
continued  to  fill  this  position  and  that  of  propagator  until  his  death  in  the 
summer  of  1916.  Born  in  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire  in  1841  Dawson 
was  brought  when  a  child  to  this  country  by  his  mother  and  when  eight 
years  old  was  started  in  gardening  in  an  uncle's  nursery  in  Andover,  Massa- 
chusetts. He  served  for  three  years  in  a  Massachusetts  regiment  during 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM       169 

the  Civil  War  and  was  several  times  wounded.  On  his  discharge  from 
service  in  1864  Dawson  entered  the  employ  of  Hovey  &  Company  of  Cam- 
bridge, at  that  time  one  of  the  important  commercial  nurseries  of  the 
United  States.  In  1871  he  was  made  head  gardener  of  the  School  of  Horti- 
culture at  the  Bussey  Institution  by  Francis  Parkman,  the  first  professor 
of  that  department  in  the  School,  a  position  which  he  filled  for  three  years 
when  he  became  superintendent  of  the  Arboretum.  Dawson  had  the  real 
love  for  plants  and  an  exceptional  knowledge  of  them.  As  a  plant  propa- 
gator it  is  not  possible  that  any  one  could  have  been  his  superior.  No 
problem  in  propagation  was  ever  too  difficult  for  him  to  solve.  At  the 
Arboretum  he  was  compelled  to  work  in  crowded  quarters  with  insufficient 
appliances,  and  in  spite  of  this  handicap  he  raised  for  the  Arboretum  during 
his  forty-two  years  of  service  probably  more  than  a  million  plants,  and 
there  are  now  few  public  or  private  gardens  in  the  northern  hemisphere 
which  have  not  been  enriched  by  his  labors.  Dawson  served  the  Arbore- 
tum faithfully  and  made  many  friends  for  it ;  and  without  his  assistance  it 
would  have  been  impossible  to  make  the  collections  of  living  plants  what 
they  are  today. 

FUTURE  NEEDS 

During  its  first  fifty  years  the  area  occupied  by  the  Arboretum  has  been 
increased  from  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  to  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres. 
The  endowment  has  been  increased  from  $103,847.57  to  $808,175.75,  and  a 
construction  fund  of  $129,257  immediately  available  for  improvements 
has  been  accumulated. 

The  greatest  collection  of  the  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  of  the  northern 
hemisphere  has  been  made  and  arranged,  and  many  new  plants  largely 
discovered  through  its  explorations  have  been  distributed. 

It  has  established  the  largest  and  most  important  herbarium  in  the 
world  devoted  exclusively  to  preserving  the  records  of  trees  and  shrubs, 
and  a  library  which  within  the  limits  of  its  special  subjects  is  not  surpassed. 
More  important  than  these  are  the  friendly  relations  it  has  established  with 
the  students  and  cultivators  of  trees  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  for  through 
these  relations  it  will  be  able  to  increase  and  extend  its  usefulness. 

In  discussing  the  future  of  the  Arboretum  and  its  needs  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  during  its  first  half  century  it  has  been  managed  not  merely 
as  a  New  England  museum  but  as  a  national  and  international  institution 
working  to  increase  knowledge  of  trees  in  all  parts  of  the  world  and  as 
anxious  to  help  a  student  in  Tasmania  or  New  Caledonia  as  in  Massachu- 
setts. An  institution  with  such  ambitions  must  be  equipped  to  answer  any 
question  about  any  tree  growing  in  any  part  of  the  world  which  may  be 
addressed  to  it.  During  the  first  fifty  years  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  only 
the  foundations  of  such  an  establishment  have  been  laid,  but  in  laying 
these  foundations  some  of  the  needs  of  the  future  are  made  clear.  These 
are,  — 


170  JOURNAL  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  [VOL.  in 

First :  The  collection  of  more  information  about  the  trees  in  many  parts 
of  the  world  than  can  now  be  found  here.  Such  information  can  be  ob- 
tained only  in  small  part  by  correspondence  and  the  information  which  the 
Arboretum  needs  can  only  be  successfully  obtained  by  agents  sent  out  to 
obtain  it.  It  is  desirable  that  the  work  which  the  Arboretum  has  begun 
in  eastern  continental  Asia  should  be  continued  and  if  possible  completed. 
The  flora  of  the  coastal  region  north  of  latitude  45,  including  Kamtschatka, 
is  still  very  imperfectly  known.  From  this  region  trees  and  shrubs,  still 
unknown  in  gardens,  which  will  grow  in  New  England  can  probably  be 
obtained.  Explorations  in  the  northern  part  of  Kansu,  the  great  northwest 
province  of  China,  may  also  be  expected  to  enrich  northern  gardens.  The 
flora  of  China  south  of  the  Yang-tze-kiang  River  and  east  of  the  Poyang 
Lake  is  still  little  known;  and  the  trees  of  Cochinchina  (Tonkin,  Annam 
and  Siam)  are  still  badly  represented  in  the  Arboretum  herbarium;  and 
Harvard  College  will  not  have  fulfilled  its  agreement  with  the  Arnold 
Trustees  until  it  has  caused  to  be  explored  through  the  Arboretum  the 
forests  which  cover  the  ranges  of  the  Altai  Mountains  which  form  the 
southern  boundary  of  central  Siberia  and  the  great  interior  region  south  of 
these  mountains. 

If  the  Arboretum  is  to  become  a  great  institution  for  gathering  and 
spreading  information  about  trees  and  allied  plants  specimens  and  a  series 
of  photographs  of  every  species  of  tree  in  the  world  should  be  found  in  its 
herbarium.  The  work  which  it  has  accomplished  in  its  first  fifty  years  in 
North  America  and  the  Japanese  Empire  should  be  extended  over  the  rest 
of  the  world.  For  the  trees  of  the  tropics  this  is  now  important  as  tropical 
forests  are  fast  disappearing  to  make  room  for  plantations  of  rubber-pro- 
ducing and  other  economic  plants.  The  best  soil  is  selected  for  these 
plantations,  and  as  with  few  exceptions  the  largest  and  best  individuals  of  a 
species  are  produced  in  the  best  soil,  many  species,  or  certainly  their  best 
representatives,  must  disappear,  and  in  the  future  the  student  of  trees  must 
depend  for  any  knowledge  of  many  trees  on  the  material  and  information 
preserved  in  institutions  like  the  Arnold  Arboretum.  The  exploration  of 
the  tropical  forests  of  the  world  will  require  perhaps  a  century  and  a  large 
expenditure  of  money  to  accomplish.  It  is  work  that  this  Arboretum 
should  begin  and  steadily  push  forward. 

Second:  The  Arboretum  requires  a  properly  equipped  department  for 
the  study  of  the  diseases  of  trees  in  this  country  and  in  other  parts  of  the 
world. 

Third:  The  Arboretum  requires  a  department  in  which  the  study  of 
insects  dangerous  to  trees  and  the  methods  for  their  control  can  be  carried 
on  in  connection  with  the  other  investigations  undertaken  by  the  Arbore- 
tum and  controlled  by  it. 

Fourth:  The  Arboretum  needs  a  department  for  the  breeding  of  new 
races  of  plants.  The  world  already  owes  much  to  the  intelligence  and  skill  of 
the  plant  breeder.  He  has  increased  the  value  of  many  farm  crops  and  has 


1922]    SARGENT,  FIRST  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM        171 

produced  shrubs  which  are  the  chief  ornament  of  many  gardens.  Less  has 
been  done  in  attempting  to  improve  trees  by  the  mixing  of  different  species. 
Hybrid  trees  especially  among  Oaks  often  occur  in  this  country.  Several 
of  these  trees  are  already  in  this  Arboretum  where  they  grow  more  rapidly 
and  are  often  hardier  than  their  parents.  Natural  hybrids  of  Poplar-trees 
are  common  and  often  grow  more  rapidly  than  their  parents ;  and  a  number 
of  hybrid  Poplars  have  been  raised  artificially  in  Europe  and  promise  to 
become  valuable  trees.  One  of  the  largest,  hardiest  and  most  rapid-grow- 
ing of  all  Elm- trees  is  a  natural  hybrid  between  two  European  species. 
The  best  Hickory- nuts  are  produced  by  trees  which  are  natural  hybrids; 
and  one  of  the  largest  and  handsomest  hybrid  Oak-trees  in  the  United 
States  has  also  been  artificially  reproduced  by  crossing  the  two  species  which 
were  the  parents  of  the  natural  hybrid.  Judging  by  what  little  is  now 
known  about  hybrid  trees  it  does  not  seem  improbable  that  new  races  of 
trees  may  be  produced  artificially  which  will  contribute  materially  to  the 
value  of  the  forest  products  of  the  world  and  increase  the  beauty  of  parks 
and  gardens.  The  Arnold  Arboretum  with  its  great  collections  and  its 
connection  with  the  principal  cultivators  of  plants  is  now  the  best  place  for 
breeding  new  trees  and  shrubs  in  the  United  States.  Plant  breeders  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  send  to  it  for  the  material  needed  in  their  work  but 
this  work  can  best  be  done  here. 

Fifth :  A  Rose  Garden  and  a  Rock  Garden  if  planned  comprehensively 
would  add  much  to  the  horticultural  value  of  the  Arboretum,  and  bring 
many  visitors  to  it. 

Only  a  larger  endowment  is  needed  to  make  possible  these  Arboretum 
activities  and  extensions. 


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